&c.;[1] so also to cast oneself down, אַפַּ֫יִם אָֽרְצָה the face being turned to the earth, Gn 19, &c. (for אָֽרְצָה we find אֶ֫רֶץ in 1 K 1, Is 49).[2]—Cf. finally the formula אֵם עַל־בָּנִים mother with children, Gn 32; cf. Ho 10 and § 119 aa note 2.
Rem. On circumlocutions of this kind to express negative attributes by means of short noun-clauses (complete or incomplete), cf. § 152 u.
[d] 3. As circumstantial verbal-clauses,[3] we find (1) sometimes affirmative clauses (see below), but far more frequently (2) negative clauses (see f), and among these (3) a certain number of expressions which may be regarded simply as equivalent to negative adverbial ideas (see g).
Examples of (1) Is 5 b woe unto them, that tarry late in the evening, יַ֫יִן יַדְלִיקֵם while wine inflames them; Is 1, 10, 30, Jer 7, 20, ψ 4, 5, 21, 62. The circumstantial verbal-clause is used to particularize an action which has before been expressed generally, in Gn 44, 48=crossing his hands; Dt 2, Ju 6; antithetically, 1 K 13 כִּחֵשׁ לוֹ wherewith however he lied unto him. The verbal-clause seems to assign a reason in ψ 7 מִשְׁפָּט צִוִּ֫יתָ since thou hast commanded judgement; a consequence in ψ 103.[4]
[e] Rem. On the cases in which an imperfect in the sense of a final clause is subordinated to a verb of motion (generally קוּם), see § 120 c.
[f] Of (2), subordinate verbal-clauses with לֹא (in English usually rendered by without and the gerund, if the subject be the same as in the principal clause), e.g. Lv 1 לֹא יַבְדִּיל without dividing it asunder; Jb 31; לֹא with the perfect is so used in Gn 44, Ex 34, 1 S 30, Jb 20 (without its being blown upon it). With a different subject, equivalent to a consecutive clause in English, Is 27 לֹֽא־יָקֻ֫מוּ so that they shall rise up no more.—Moreover, verbal-clauses in the same sense (without doing, &c.) are frequently connected by וְלֹא; cf. 1 S 20, Jb 24, 42; in a concessive sense, Is 33, ψ 44.
[g] Of (3), cf. לֹא יֵדַע (prop. he knows it not) unawares, ψ 35, Pr 5 לֹא יַחְמֹל unsparingly, Is 30 (after an infinitive absolute); Hb 1, Jb 6 (but וְלֹא יַחְמֹל Jb 16, 27; see f at the end); לֹא כִחֵ֑דוּ (prop. they hide not) openly, Is 3 (but
- ↑ The expression הִתְרָאָה פָנִים to look one another in the face (i.e. to contend in combat) 2 K 14, 11, 2 Ch 25, 21, is probably only a shortened form for הִתְרָאָה פָנִים אֶל־פָּנִים.
- ↑ That (אֶ֫רֶץ) אָֽרְצָה is really to be regarded as a virtual predicate to אַפַּ֫יִם, and not אַפַּ֫יִם as a casus instrumenti, is seen from Is 49, where אַפַּ֫יִם אֶ֫רֶץ precedes the verb.
- ↑ Some examples of these have been already discussed in another connexion above, § 120 a–c.
- ↑ In Gn 21 the circumstantial verbal-clause שָׂם עַל־שִׁכְמָהּ is only due to a harmonizing transposition; read וְאֶת־הַיֶּ֫לֶד שׂ׳ ע׳ שׁ׳. According to the source used in cap. 21 Ishmael was still a young child; according to 17:25 he was about 16 or 17 years old.
