Page:Hill's manual of social and business forms.djvu/88

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The dash vowels should always form angles with consonant signs; are varied in their direction to facilitate this. Examples: ^{(Shorthand absent)} goat, knowing, ^{(Shorthand absent)} up, cut.

Either the first or second, or both strokes of the vowel diphthongs may be made straight or curved to facilitate joining, thus:

^{(Shorthand absent)}

Nine, size, noise, now, hew. The other vowel signs do not vary from the alphabetic position, and must be disjoined when they will not form a proper angle.

Disjoined vowels should be written to the left of upright and inclined, and above horizontal consonants, when the vowel sound precedes the consonant sound, and to the right of upright and inclined, and below horizontal consonants, when the vowel sound follows the consonantal.

CONSONANTAL DIPHTHONGS. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Br, as in brow. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Pr, as in prow. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Gr, as in grow. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Cr, as in crow. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Dr, as in draw. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Tr, as in try. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Vr, as in over. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Fr, as in free.

^{(Shorthand absent)} Zhr, as in measure. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Shr, as in shred. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Thr, as in other. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Thr, as in three. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Nr, as in owner. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Bl, as in blow. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Ply as in plow. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Gl, as in glow. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Cl, as in clay. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Dl, as in meddle. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Tl, as in settle. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Vi, as in evil. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Fl, as in fly. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Zhl, as in ambrosial. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Shl, as in special. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Nl, as in kennel.

^{(Shorthand absent)} Sp, as in spy. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Sk, as in sky. ^{(Shorthand absent)} St, as in stay. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Sf, as in sphere. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Sm, as in smith. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Sn, as in snow. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Sl, as in slat. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Sw, as in sweet.

^{(Shorthand absent)} Bz, as in hubs. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Ps, as in hopes. [ also Gz, Ks, Dz, Ts, etc. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Vz, as in loaves. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Fs, as in roofs. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Zz, as in mazes. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Sz, as in masses also Thz, Ths, etc. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Mz, Ns, as in hems ^{(Shorthand absent)} Nz, Ns, as in hens, hence. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Ngz, as in brings. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Lz, Ls, as in owls, else. ^{(Shorthand absent)} Rz, Rs, as in wars, ^{(Shorthand absent)} Wh, as in when.

These signs, it will be observed, are not new ones, but modifications of those already learned. They should be used only where no vowel sound occurs between the consonant sounds. A few examples will explain their use quite fully.

^{(Shorthand absent)}

Blow, glow, meddle, evil, brow, upper, gray, meeker, draw, utter, over, free, measure, shred, other, owner, spy, stay, sphere, smith, snow, sleep, sweet, when, special, kennel.

Where the final consonant of a word is either s or z, preceded by a consonant, a circle is used for the s or z, thus: ^{(Shorthand absent)} Hope, hopes, lad, lads, owl, owls, war, wars. When preceded by a vowel, use the alphabetic form for s and z.

The circle is also used between two consonants, and is then written on the outside of the angle formed by the consonants— when both are straight lines, as ^{(Shorthand absent)} on the inside of the curve, where one is a curve and the other a straight line, as ^{(Shorthand absent)} and on the inside of both curves, when possible, as in ^{(Shorthand absent)}

It is sometimes necessary to write the circle on the inside of one curve and outside of the other, as in ^{(Shorthand absent)}