CONTENTS. vil in Greece. Striking development of Athenian energy after the revolu- tion of Kleisthenes language of Herodotus. Effect of the idea or theory of democracy in exciting Athenian sentiment. Patriotism of an Athenian between 500-400 B.C. combined with an eager spirit of per- sonal military exertion and sacrifice. Diminution of this active senti- ment in the restored democricy after the Thirty Tyrants 126-181 CHAPTER XXXII. RISE OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. CYRUS. State of Asia before the rise of the Persian monarchy. Great power and alliances of Croesus. Rise of Cyrus uncertainty of his early history. Story of Astyages. Herodotus and Ktesias. Condition of the native Persians at the first rise of Cyrus. Territory of Iran between Tigris and Indus. War between Cyrus and Croesus. Croesus tests the oracles triumphant reply from Delphi munificence of Croesus to the oracle. Advice given to him by the oracle. He solicits the alliance of Spar- ta. He crosses the Halys and attacks the Persians. Rapid miuvh of Cyrus to Sardis. Siege and capture of Sardis. Crasus becomes prisoner of Cyrus how treated. Remonstrance addressed by Crcesus to the Delphian god. Successful justification of the oracle. Fate of Croesus impressive to the Greek mind. The Mceras, or Fates. State of the Asiatic Greeks after the conquest of Lydia by Cyrus. They ap- ply in vain to Sparta for aid. Cyrus quits Sardis revolt of the Lydi- ans suppressed. The Persian general Mazares attacks Ionia the Lydian Paktyas. Harpagus succeeds Mazares conquest of Ionia by the Persians. Fate of Phokam. Emigration of the Phokasans vowed by all, executed only by one half. Phoksean colony first at Alalia, then at Elea. Proposition of Bias for a Pan-Ionic emigration not adopted. Entire conquest of Asia Minor by the Persians. 182-208 CHAPTER XXXIII. GROWTH OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. Conquests of Cyrus in Asia. His attack of Babylon. Difficult approach to Babylon no resistance made to the invaders. Cyrus distribute* the river Gyndes into many channels. He takes Babylon, by drawing off fora time the waters of the Euphrates. Babylon left in undimin- ished strength and population. Cyrus attacks the Massageta; is de- feated and slain. Extraordinary stimulus to the Persians, from the conquests of Cyrus. Character" of the Persians. Thirst for foreign conquest among the Persians, for three reigns after Cyrus. Kambyses succeeds his father Cyrus his invasion rf Egypt. Death of Amasis, king of Egypt, at the" time when the Persian expedition was preparing his son Psammcnitus succeeds. ( !onquest of Egypt by Kambvse*s. Submission of Kyrene and Barka to Kambyses his projects for con- quering Libya and Ethiopia disappointed. Insults of Kambyses to th*
