804 HISTOKY OF GREECE and prosecution of his military enterprises, were thun material!} increased. But besides his irresistible land-force, Philip had now become master of no inconsiderable naval power also. During the early years of tho war, though he had taken not only Amphipolis, but also all the Athenian possessions on the Macedonian coast, yet the exports from his territory had been interrupted by the naval force of Athens, so as to lessen seriously the produce of his export duties.' But he had now contrived to get together a sufficient number of armed ships and privateers, if not to ward off such damage from himself, at least to retaliate it upon Athens. Her navy, indeed, was still incomparably superior, but the languor and remissness of her citizens refused to bring it out with efficiency ; while Philip had opened for himself a new avenue to maritime power by his acquisition of Pheraa and Pagasaj, and by establish- ing his ascendency over the Magnetes and their territory, round the eastern border of the Pagasasan Gulf. That gulf (now known by the name of Volo), is still the great inlet and outlet for Thes- salian trade ; the eastern coast of Thessaly, along the line of Mount Pelion, being craggy and harborless. 2 The naval force belonging to Pherae and its seaport Pagasae, was very considera- ble, and had been so even from the times of the despots, Jason and Alexander ; 3 at one moment painfully felt even by Athens. All these ships now passed into the service of Philip, together with the dues on export and import levied round the Pagasaian Gulf; the command of which he farther secured by erecting suitable fortifications on the Magnesian shore, and by placing a garrison in Pagasae. 4 Such additional naval means, combined 1 Demosthenes cont. Aristokrat. p. 657. s. 131-133 (352-351 B.C.) ; com- Dare Isokrates, Orat. v. (ad Philipp. s. 5.) s Xenoph. Hellen. v. 4, 56 ; Hermippus ap. Athenaeum, i. p. 27. About the lucrative commerce in the Gulf, in reference to Demetrias and Thebai Phthiotides, see Livy, xxxix. 25. 3 Demosthenes cont. Polykl. p. 1207 ; De Corona Trierarchica, p. 1230; Dirdor. xv. 95 ; Xenoph. Hellen. vi. 1, 11.
- Demosthenes, Olynth. i. p. 15. s. 23. Kal -yap Tlayaaaf unairelv oi>rov
flffit> hp7](j>iff(tevoi (the Thessalians re-demand the place from Philip), nai Ma-yvT]ffi.av KSKuhvKacri rex't&iv. In Olynth. ii. p. 21. 8. 11. it stands Kal yap vvv eifflv Tp7i<j>ia(ievoi Hayaaaf tntaiTelv, KOI nepl Mayvjjcrtaf hoyovf not i. I take the latter expression to state the fact with more strict pi*
