Dances in the Kivas
On every night from the opening to the close of the festival there were dances, unmasked or masked, in all the kivas of the East mesa.
There are personations in nine different kivas at the same time, and although the author has obtained the names and pictures of the katcinas personated, it was quite impossible for him to witness all these dances.
The unmasked dances of the katcinas in the kivas are called by the same name as when masks are worn. Some of them are in the nature of rehearsals. When the dance takes place in the public plaza, all the paraphernalia are ordinarily worn, but the dances without masks in the kivas are supposed to be equally efficacious.
On account of the large number of masked men who appear in Powamû, it is one of the most important festivals in which to study katcinas. The whole ceremony is of from sixteen to twenty days' duration, and will later be described in extenso, but for a proper understanding of the functions of the masked personators a summary is introduced of the events of each day in the celebration in 1900.
On the night of February 1 there occurred in all the kivas a series of dances of strange character. They followed one after another in rapid succession, and while they took place in all the kivas, the author witnessed them in only one.
First Act
The first dance was performed by the men from the Nacab kiva. The men represented all the birds which the Hopis personate in their dances, and the personations were very good. They wore bird masks, their bodies were painted, and small feathers were stuck on their naked legs, arms, and bodies with pitch. They imitated to perfection the step, cry, and motions of Kwahu (Eagle), Palakwayo (Red Hawk), Totca (Humming-bird), Monwû (Owl), Koyona taka (Cock), Koyona mana (Hen), Yaupa (Mocking-bird), Patszro (Quail), Keca (Hawk), Hotsko (Owl?). Three bees (Momo) were also personated, and the men personating them went about the kiva imitating bees stinging by shooting miniature arrows at the spectators.
Second Act
The Tewa kiva contributed a number of mudheads called Koyimsi (a Zuñi name), who danced and sang, performing certain obscene acts which need not be described.
Third Act
A large delegation of Sio (Zuñi) katcinas performed the third dance, which occurred shortly after that of the mudheads. They came from
