Rogue River.—The Tototen, Tootooten, or Tututamys tribe, living on Rogue river and its numerous side creeks, Oregon, speaks a language which is, like the majority of Oregonian and Northern tongues, replete of guttural and croaking sounds. According to Dr. Hubbard, whose vocabulary is published in Taylor's California Farmer, this nation comprised in 1856 thirteen bands, consisting in all of 1,205 individuals. (See article "Shasta.") The appearance of the numerals, the terms for the parts of the human frame, many other nouns and the pronoun, "mine," "my" (ho, hwo, hu), induced me to compare them with the Tinné languages. They differ considerably from Hoopa and Taculli, but singularly agree with Apache and Návajo, and Tototen has, therefore, to be introduced as a new offshoot of the coast branch into the great Tinné or Athapascan family of languages. The Smithsonian Institution owns two vocabularies, inscribed "Rogue River," two "Tootooten," and one "Toutouten."
Umpqua.—The Umpquas live in and around Alsea sub-agency, on the sea coast, together with the Alsea, Sinselaw and Coos Indians. Their idiom is softer than the other branches of the Tinné stock. Further north we find two other small tribes of the same origin, whose languages were studied only by Horatio Hale, of Wilkes' Exploring Expedition. One of them was the Tlatskanai, south of Columbia river; the other, the Kwalhioqua, at the outlet of this stream, both extremely guttural. On account of the smallness of the tribes speaking them, these idioms have probably become extinct; their owners merged into other tribes, and were identified with them beyond recognition. They roved in the mountains at some distance from the coast and the Columbia, living on game, berries and esculent roots.
Yakon.—Before 1848, the Yakon tribe was settled on the Oregon coast, south of the Tillamuks, numbering then about seven hundred individuals. In the collection of fifty Yakon words, given in Transactions of Am. Ethn. Soc. II., part 2d, pp. 99 sqq, we discover very few monosyllables, but many clusters of consonants, not easily pronounced by English speaking people, as kwotχl, fingers; pusuntχlχa, three.
Cayuse.—The national appellation of the Cayuses, whose home is in the valley of Des Chutes river, Oregon, is Wayíletpu, the plural form of Wa-ílet, "one Cayuse man." The Wayíletpu formerly were divided into Cayuses and Moléles, but the latter separated, went south and joined other tribes (see Klamath), or were removed to the Grande Ronde Reserve. The Cayuses are rapidly assimilating, or identifying themselves, with the Walawalas on and around Umatilla Agency, about seventy
