creased by French, and in a less degree by English words. The French words were derived from the Canadian and Missouri patois of the fur traders. Two-fifths of the jargon terms were taken from Chinook dialects, and as the inflectional forms, prefixes and affixes of these unwieldy idioms were dropped altogether, and replaced by particles or auxiliaries, the acquisition of he Jargon became easy. A comprehensive sketch of this idiom will be found in the preface to George Gibbs' "Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon," New York, 1863 (in Shea's Linguistics).
We have similar instances of medley jargons from very disparate languages in the Lingua Franca of the Mediterranean ports, in the Pidgin English of Canton, the Negro-English-Dutch of Surinam, the Slavé on the Upper Yukon river, in a Sahaptin slave-jargon, and in the numerous "women-languages" of South America.
Sahaptin.—This name belongs to a small affluent of the Kooskooskie or Clearwater river, and has been adopted to designate the stock of languages spoken in an extensive territory on the middle and lower Columbia river, and on its tributaries, Yákima, Paluse, Clearwater and Snake rivers. The morphological part of the Sahaptin grammar is rich and well developed, and polysynthetism is carried up to a high degree. The exterior of the race recalls the bodily structure, not the complexion, of the Mongolian type of mankind. The eastern-most tribe is:
Nez-Percés, the most numerous and powerful Sahaptin tribe, settled on a reserve in Northern Idaho (about 2,800 Indians), or roaming in the neighborhood. A sketch of their grammar was published in Transactions of American Ethn. Society. The western and northern Sahaptin tribes are the following: Wálawála ("Rivermen"), on Umatilla Agency, in Northeastern Oregon; Palús or Paloose, on Palús River and Yákima Reservation; Yákama or Yákima, on Yákima Reserve, Washington Territory. Rev. Pandosy wrote a Grammar, Texts and Dictionary of this dialect, which were published in Mr. Shea's Linguistic Series. From their habitat they are called Pshuanwappum, "dwellers in the stony country." Klíkitat, on Yákima Reserve and vicinity, formerly roaming through the woodlands around Mount St. Helens. Umatilla, on Oregon side of Columbia River and on Umatilla Agency. No vocabularies. Warm Spring Indians on west side of Middle Des Chutes River. They call themselves Tishχáni-hhláma, after a locality on that water-course, or Milli-hhláma, from the thermal sources surging on the territory of their reservartion (mìlli, "bubbling, or tepid," hhláma, "belonging to, pertaining").
A slave jargon exists among the Nez-Percé Indians, which originated
