through their intercourse with prisoners of war, and contains expressions for eye, horse, man, woman and other most common terms, which are entirely foreign to Sahaptin.
Selish.—The Selish family extends from the Pacific Ocean and the Straits of Fuca, through American and partly through British territory to the Rocky Mountains and the 113. Meridian. This race is most densely settled around Puget Sound, and its main bulk resides north of Columbia River. By joining into one name their westernmost and easternmost dialect, their language has been called also Tsihaili-Selish, or Cheháli-Selish. A large number of words of this truly northern and superlatively jaw-breaking language are quite unpronounceable to Anglo-Americans and Europeans—i.e. tsatχlsh, shoes; skaiχlentχl, woman in Tsihaili; shitχltso, shoes in Atnah. This stock abounds in inflectional and syntactical forms, and redoubles the root or part of it extensively, but always in a distributive sense. It divides itself into a large number of dialects and subdialects, among which we point out the subsequent ones as probably the most important, going from West to North, and then to the East; Nsietshawus or Tillamuk (Killamuk), on Pacific Coast, south of Columbia River; Tsihaili, Cheháli; on or near Pacific Coast Washington Territory: has three subdialects; Tsihaili proper on Chehali River and in Puyallup Agency; Quiantl, Quaiantl or Kwantlen; Quéniauitl. A few Chehalis and Chinooks inhabit Shoalwater Bay. Cowlitz or Ká-ualitsk spoken on Puyallup Agency. Their ancient home is the valley of the Cowlitz River, a northern tributary of the Lower Columbia River. Soaiatlpi, west of Olympia City. This tribe once included the Kettlefalls Indians. Nisqualli, N'skwáli; east of Olympia, on Nisqualli River, settled there in company with the Squaxins, on Puyallup Agency. Clallam, (S'Clallum) on S'Kokomish Agency, northwest of Olympia City. Twana, on the same locality. Dwamish, partly settled on Tulalip sub-agency. Lummi, on Nootsak or Lummi River, near the British boundary. This dialect is largely impregnated with Nootka and other foreign elements. The Shushwap, Suwapamuck or Southern Atnah belongs to the Selish stock, but does not extend from middle course of Fraser River and its affluents so far south as to reach American territory. It closely resembles Selish proper. The Eastern Selish dialects are: O'Kinakane (Okanagan), with the subdialect St'lakam, on Okanagan River, a northern tributary of Upper Columbia River and on Colville Reserve, which is located in the northeastern angle of Washington Territory. Kullespelm, Kallispelm, or Pend d'Oreille of Washington Territory, on Pend d'Oreille River and Lake Callispelm. The Upper Pend d'Oreille are settled on Flathead or
