by particles affixed to the noun, without any inflection of the noun itself.
§58. The noun affixes may be distributed into nine classes, viz, the Nominative, the Objective, the Possessive, the Dative, the Causative, the Instrumentive, the Connective, the Locative, and the Ablative.
nominative.
§59. သည် is the most common nominative affix, denoting the agent or subject of the verb; as ထိုလူသည်ကောင်း၏, that man is good; but in simple sentences, it is most commonly omitted; as သူကောင်းသည်, he is good; also in participial clauses, ဆရာပြောသောစကား the words which the teacher speaks.
§60. ကား, သည်ကား, and မူကား (by abbreviation မူ), are also nominative affixes, denoting the agent or subject, but rather more definitive or distinctive than သည်, and from the latter quality, are much used in adversative clauses, as ငအကျင့်ကားကောင်း၏၊ သုအကျင့်ကားမကောင်း, my conduct is good; his conduct is not good. These affixes are frequently equivalent to as to, concerning, in regard to, a substantive verb being understood, as အကြောင်းမူကား, as to the reason, (it is as follows).
§61. ကား is sometimes used emphatically after another noun affix, as အရိုက်ကားခံနှိုင်ပါသလော, can you indeed bear the beating? Also repeated after successive clauses intended to be set adversatively, as မြေအပြင်၌ကားမြင်သာသည်၊ ရေထဲ၌ကားမမြင်နှိုင်, on the land it is easy to see; in the water (we) cannot see. In such cases ကား is used adverbially.
objective.
§62. ကို is the true objective affix, denoting the object on which an action terminates; as ရေကိုသောက်သည်, to drink water; sometimes, with some latitude of application, it denotes the object to which a thing is given; as ငကိုပေးပါ, give to me; or the object
