Page:NIOSH Hazard review of Carbonless Copy Paper.pdf/45

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Table 3–8. Formaldehyde concentrations in a test chamber containing eight CCP products^[1]

Product	Average formaldehyde concentration for 3 replicates (ppm)
CF	0.009
CFB-blue	0.108
CFB-black	0.209
CB-blue	0.258
CB-black	0.291
SC[2]-blue	0.355
SC-black	0.693
Four-part form[3]	0.178

Adapted from Hazelton Laboratories [1985].

1. Sixty sheets were placed in the chamber, turned at the rate of 4 sheets/min, and left stacked for 15 min before they were repackaged in aluminum foil pouches. Air samples were then collected.
2. SC=self-contained.
3. The four-part form consisted of a CB sheet, two CBF sheets, and a CF sheet.

concentrations. The study director stated that the total formaldehyde release for the four-part form could be predicted from the sum of its parts.

Office activities. Experiments were performed to examine the effects of office activities on formaldehyde emissions from CCP. Four-ply CCP forms were manipulated by marking, separating marked forms, and separating unmarked forms.

• Marking forms: Four-ply forms were used to examine the effects of marking on the emission of formaldehyde vapor. Thirty forms (120 sheets) were placed inside the chamber for each test. A template was used to achieve consistent pencil lines. The desired rate of marking was 40 lines/minute, 20 lines/form, repeated four times throughout the 1-hr sampling period. This rate was achieved on the second test; the first test averaged a rate of approximately 28.7 lines/min. The sampling flow rate was approximately 0.5 L/min. The maximum average formaldehyde concentration for two replicates was 0.402 ppm after 1 hr.

• Marking and separating forms: Four-ply forms were used to examine the effects of marking and separating pages on the emission of formaldehyde vapor. Thirty forms (120 sheets) were placed inside the chamber for each test and a template was used to achieve consistent pencil lines. Each form was marked with 20 lines and separated in 1 min. After the 30-min marking and separating period, the forms were left exposed in the chamber the rest of the 1-hr sampling process.

The sampling rate was approximately 0.5 L/min. The maximum average formaldehyde concentration for 2 replicates was 0.402 ppm after 1 hr.

• Separating unmarked forms: Four-ply forms were used to examine the effects of separating unmarked forms on the emission of formaldehyde vapor. Thirty