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VI CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Growth-Forms
- Nature 68
- Kinds 69
- Indicator relations 69
- Standard plants for growth correlations 70
- Competition-forms 71
Communities as Indicators
- Value 72
- Kinds of communities 72
- Community structures 73
- Alternes 73
- Layers 74
- Aspects 75
Kinds of Indicators
- Basis of distinction 76
Factor Indicators
- Basis and kinds 76
- Quantitative sequences 77
- Climatic and edaphic indicators 77
- Water indicators 78
- Light indicators 79
- Temperature indicators 81
- Indicators of solutes 83
- Saline indicators 83
- Lime indicators 84
- Aeration indicators 85
- Indicators of factor-complexes 88
- Soil indicators 88
- Slope-exposure indicators 88
- Altitude indicators 89
- Organism indicators 90
Process Indicators
- Nature 91
- Kinds 91
- Fire indicators 92
- Lumbering indicators 93
- Cultivation indicators 93
- Grazing indicators 94
- Indicators of irrigation and drainage 95
- Construction indicators 96
- Physiographic indicators 97
- Climatic indicators 97
Practice Indicators
- Nature and kinds 98
Paleic Indicators
- Paleo-ecology 99
- Nature of paleic indicators 100
- Kinds 101
- Paleic indicators of climates and cycles 103
- Paleic indicators of succession 103
- Plant indicators of animals 104
- Animal indicators of plants 104
Climax Formations Of Western North America
- Nature 105
- Tests of a climax 105
- Structure and development 106
- Societies 107
- Names of climax communities 109
- Seral communities 109
- Indicator significance of climax formations 111
- Significance of succession 111
- Indicator value of disturbed areas 112
- Summary of the climax formations 113
The Grassland Climax
Stipa-Bouteloua Formation
- General relations 114
- Unity of the grassland 116
- Correlation with climate 116
- Use of weather records 116
- Relationship of associations 118
- Floristic relations 119
- Ecological relations 120
- Subdominants 120
- Developmental relations 121
The True Prairie
Stipa-Koeleria Association
- Extent 121
- Factor relations 123
- Sequence of dominants 123
Societies
- Nature 125
- Control of dominants 125
- Relation to consociation 126
- Origin 126
- Mixed societies 127
- Aspects 127
- Zones and alternes 128
- Studies of prairie societies 129
Clans
- Vernal clans 131
- Estival clans 131
- Serotinal clans 131
The Subclimax Prairie
Andropogon Associes
- Nature 131
- Range 132
- Factor relations 133
- Sequence 133
- Grouping 134
Societies and Clans
The Mixed Prairie
Stipa-Borteloua Association
- Nature 135
- Effect of grazing and climatic cycles 135
- Range 136
- Grouping 137
- Sequence of dominants 138
Societies of the Mixed Prairie
- Prevernal societies 139
- Vernal societies 139
- Estival societies 139
- Serotinal societies 139
