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(Continued from page 133) part is that both the tiny creatures that mate are old and worn out, and that both are younK after mating. Mr. Mok : What of rejuvenation among people? Can it really be accomplished? Dr. Ruckes : Yes, indeed it can. Since old age in the higher animals, including man, is chiefly due to deficiency of the sex hor- mones which, you remember, produce the secondary se.x characteristics, including youth- fulncss, new youth, or rather vigor, can be instilled in two ways. Mr. Mok: What are they? DR. RUCKES: The first method involves transplantation of the sex glands from one animal to another, or from an animal to a person. You recall that the endocrine glands are interchangeable in all backboned crea- tures. The second method, which is used by the famous Dr. Voronoff, and Dr. Steinacli, is more intricate. It consists mainly in caus- ing the sex gland to rejuvenate itself. Mr. Mok: How is that done? Dr. Ruckes: The sex gland is prevented from fulfilling its primary function; namely, the elimination of sperm cells or egg cells. What happens then is this: The glands go on secreting these cells just the same, and the stored-up cells produce more of that part of the sex gland that secretes the hormones which, in turn, are responsible for the second- ary characteristics, including youth. Mr. Mok : As I understand it, the first method you described is what is known as a "monkey-gland" operation? Dr. Ruckes: Y'es, but it need not be the gland of a monkey. The glands of sheep and of other animals are also used. The reason it is called a "monkey-gland" operation is that the first experiment on a human being was performed with a monkey gland. Mr. Mok : Does it make any difference where the animal gland is inserted ? Dr. RrcKEs: Not necessarily. As I told you, the endocrine glands are ductless and their chemicals are absorbed by the blood- stream. For that reason, a transplanted gland makes its effect felt no matter into what part of the body it is grafted. Mr. Mok : Are these gland transplantations always successful? Dr. Ruckes : Here we get again into the field of medicine and surgery, and that is not my province. However, it is my impression that they are not always successful. MR. MOK: Have these operations been performed on both men and women? Dr. Ruckes: They have. In both cases, the result is a rejuvenated but sterile person. Now, somewhat similar effects may be pro- duced without resorting to surgery. Of late, sex hormones have been extracted, and they may be introduced into the system by injec- tion or other means. These hormones are not patent medicines, and cannot be obtained without a doctor's prescription. .s you know, numerous treatments pretending to restore vitality are constantly advertised. The vast majority of these arc quackeries. Mr. Mok : What influences do the endo- crincs exert on our emotional lives? 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