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CONTENTS.
xiii
Page § 3. Certain rare circumstances excepted, high wages imply restraints on population427 4. —which are in some cases legal431 5. —in others the effect of particular customs434 6. Due restriction of population the only safeguard of a labouring class436 Chapter XII. Of Popular Remedies for Low Wages. § 1. A legal or customary minimum of wages, with a guarantee of employment441 2. —would require as a condition, legal measures for repression of population443 3. Allowances in aid of wages448 4. The Allotment System450 Chapter XIII. Remedies for Low Wages further considered. § 1. Pernicious direction of public opinion on the subject of population456 2. Grounds for expecting improvement459 3. Twofold means of elevating the habits of the labouring people: by education465 4. —and by large measures of immediate relief, through foreign and home colonization467 Chapter XIV. Of the Differences of Wages in different Employments. § 1. Differences of wages arising from different degrees of attractiveness in different employments471 2. Differences arising from natural monopolies477 3. Effect on wages of a class of subsidized competitors482 4. —of the competition of persons with independent means of support485 5. Wages of women, why lower than those of men490 6. Differences of wages arising from restrictive laws, and from combinations491 7. Cases in which wages are fixed by custom493
