made up of a noun and a verb of becoming, growing. seeming, remaining, being called, -considered and the like. Comp. 32. 5. The noun-predicate itself deviates by no means from the common use of other tongues. It may thus be any kind of noun either substantive or adjective, and is put in the nominative case, provided that it be pointing at the same person or thing as is pointed out by the subject, as शीतला रात्रिः (the night is cold), for in that sentence the subj. रात्रिः and the predicate शीतला are relating to one and the same thing. This we may call the noun-predicate proper. Nothing, indeed, forbids other nouncases, adverbs and the like doing duty of the predicate, as कूपे तोयम् when = “water is in the pit," Pat. 84 अदो यत्रासौ काकः (yonder [house], where that crow is) Mudr. 23 नायशः प्रमार्ष्टुमलम् (he [will] not [be] able to blot out [that] stain), R. 2,42,7 नाहं तेषाम् न ते मम (I have nothing in common with them nor they with me) and sim. 6. As to the verb-predicate, the same action may be expressed as well by the active voice as by the cate in passive. When active, its agent or subject is put in tive the nominative case and its object in the accusative; or in the If (N. N. makes a mat). In the pas- the ac- voice the pas- देवदत्तः sive. sive sentence, the object of the action is subject of the sen- 7. tence and accordingly a nominative; the agent is invari- ably put in the instrumental. देवदत्तेन कटः क्रियते (the mat is made by N. N.); of T (I sleep) the pass. form is (it is slept by me), and so on. Sanskrit has a decided predilection for the passive
