§ 26-27. 17 plural is used instead of the dual, किं कुर्मः सांप्रतम् (what shall we do now [you and I]?) 26. In all periods of the language the dual is the proper Paa 1, 4,21sq. and sole number by which duality is to be expressed. Daal. If the voluminous mass of Sanskrit literature will once be tho- roughly examined with respect to syntactic facts, it is not impro- bable there will be put forward sundry instances of duality ex- pressed by the plural number. But the number of such excep. tions cannot be but exceedingly small. 1). For, though the vulgar dia- lects and the pali have lost the dual, polished Sanskrit always strictly observes its employment and does in no way offer that confusion of dual and plural, which is so obvious in Attic Greek and already in the dialect of Homer. Sămâ- nya. 27. II. Concord in case, number, gender and person is in Sanskrit the same, as in all languages kara- with inflections, that is to say, it does exist between all such words, as, while standing in the same sen- tence, are to point at the same thing. For this reason, the predicate does agree with its subject in case and person, the attribute with the noun, it qualifies, in case and if possible also in number and gender, and so on. It would be superfluous to exemplify this general rule, 2) which, moreover, is common to all -- 1) I have noticed three instances, all of them in poetry, and partly fit methinks to be interpreted so as to confirm the general rule. Of them, one R. 2, 22, 23 ऋषयोऽपि अश्यन्ते काममन्युभिः contains a plural, which may be accounted for as denoting either the various kinds of studium and ira (cp. Mann 7, 45-48) or as pointing at the diversity in time, space and persons of the manifold instances of holiness lost, so the comm. बहुवचनं व्यक्तिबहुत्वात् - Kathas. 107,51 am the majestic plural seems to have been employed. Strange is this passage: Mhbh. 1, 24, 6 चन्द्रादित्यैर्यदा राहुरख्यातो ह्यमृतं पिबन्, there being no room for the scho- liast's interpretation श्रादित्यस्य मूर्तिबहुत्वेन चन्द्रादित्यैरिति बहुवचनम् 2) Grammatical concord bears with vernacular grammarians the well- 2 -
