PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY
899
artillery, with 60 batteries and 2 regiments of siege artillery ; Engineers : 2 regiments. The Administrative Troops consist oY 5 companies of artificers, and 4 sipiadrons of train. The Hospital Service has 80 ollicers, 18 employes, and 4 companies. The strength of the permanent army in time of peace is 3,478 ollicers, 448 employes, 56,489 men, 12,675 horses, and 390 guns. The Territorial Army consists of 75,000 men and 8,050 horses. The Militia has 33 regiments of infantry. The strength of the Icveo en masse is not definitely fixed. The infantry is armed with the Manulicher repeating rifle, model 1893.
Rumajiia has in the navy the Elisaheta, launched at Elswick in 1887, a protected cruiser of 1,320 tons displacement and 4,900 horse-power, 3^-inch armour at the belt, 4 6-inch and 8 machine guns ; the Mircea, training ship, a composite brig of 350 tons ; 7 gunboats ; 6 coast-guard vessels ; a screw despatch vessel (240 tons) ; 6 first-class and 2 second-class torpedo- boats. A floating dock has been purchased in Scotland and several gunboats will be constructed in it. The , fleet is gradually exjianding, and there is a project of building two armoured vessels.
Production and Industry.
Of the total population of Rumania 70 per cent, are employed in agri- culture. There are about 700,000 heads of families who are freehold pro- prietors. Of the total area 68 per cent is productive, and 29 per cent, under culture, 21 per cent, under grass, and 16 '9 per cent, under forest. The total area cultivated in 1897 was estimated at 5,716,000 hectares.
In 1897 and 1898 the chief agricultural crops were as follows : —
Area cultivated
Production
Crop
1S97
1898
1897
1898
Hectares
Hectares
Hectolitres
Hectolitres
Wheat
1,595,087
1,453,600
12,844,300
20,600,100
Rye .
225,770
193,080
2,394,300
2,688,335
Barley
677,225
654,850
7,479,700
10,450,800
Oats .
288,137
295,950
3,471,900
6,135,300
Maize
1,845,879
—
28,112,300
—
Wine.
153,808
—
249,630
—
Plums
57,647
—
465,840 Quintals
—
Tobacco
4,514
37,900
—
In 1897, 58,156 liectares were under colza, yielding 475,780 hectolitres of seed; 29,943 hectares under flax, yielding 238,135 hectolitres of seed; 6,840 hectares under hemp, yiehling 20,840 (Quintals of fibre; and 654,518 hectares under grass, yielding 13,052,700 quintals of hay.
The State forests of Rumania have an aggi-egate area of 931,727 hectares
and the annual produce is valued at 2,338,310 lei. The State lands sold from
1868 to 1896 covered an area of 571,518 hectares, valued at 210,130,382 lei.
In 1897 Rumania had 670,909 horses, 2,138,315 cattle, 6,847,825 sheep
and 1,079,312 swine.
The country, especially in the Carpathians, is rich in minerals. A mining law of 1895 permits the introduction of foreign capital, and gives
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