484 JACKSON 720 sq. ni. ; pop. in 1870, 36,047. The surface is undulating and diversified by many small lakes. The soil is a good sandy loam. It con- tains bituminous coal, iron, limestone, and sand- stone. The Michigan Central railroad and the Jackson, Lansing, and Saginaw, the Grand River Valley, and the Air-Line divisions of the same, the Jackson branch of the Michigan Southern railroad, the Fort Wayne, Jackson, and Sagi- naw, and the Detroit, Hillsdale, and Indiana railroads traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 825,505 bushels of wheat, 759,146 of Indian corn, 239,021 of oats, 62,546 of bar- ley, 401,558 of potatoes, 616,238 Ibs. of wool, 1,021,831 of butter, 32,955 of cheese, and 62,- 090 tons of hay. There were 10,201 horses, 8,946 milch cows, 10,623 other cattle, 130,289 sheep, and 15,879 swine ; 6 manufactories of agricultural implements, 4 of boots and shoes, 6 of brick, 14 of carriages, 13 of clothing, 8 of cooperage, 1 of drain pipe, 1 of drugs and chemi- cals, 6 of furniture, 5 of iron castings, 2 of cur- ried leather, 1 of morocco, 1 of engines and toilers, 9 of saddlery and harness, 5 of sash, doors, and blinds, 2 of stone and earthenware, 7 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 3 planing mills, 4 saw mills, and 11 flour mills. Capital, Jackson. XVI. A S. W. county of Minnesota, bordering on Iowa, intersected by the Des Koines river, and drained by the Changuska, an affluent of the Blue Earth ; area, 720 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,825. It contains several lakes, the largest of which is Heron lake. The sur- face is undulating and the soil fertile. The Sioux City and St. Paul railroad crosses the N. W. part. The chief productions in 1870 were 24,150 bushels of wheat, 6,405 of In- dian corn, 24,366 of oats, 7,637 of potatoes, 35,510 Ibs. of butter, and 4,263 tons of hay. There were 237 horses, 469 milch cows, 740 other cattle, 413 sheep, and 251 swine. Capi- tal, Jackson. XVII. An E. county of Iowa, separated from Illinois by the Mississippi river ; area, 628 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 22,619. It con- tains valuable mines of lead and iron, is well watered, fertile, and well timbered, and has an uneve"h surface. The Sabula, Ackley, and Da- kota railroad skirts the S. border, and the Ma- quoketa branch of the Davenport and St. Paul line terminates in it. The chief productions in 1870 were 429,515 bushels of wheat, 1,485,250 of Indian corn, 807,511 of oats, 168,701 of po- tatoes, 42,060 Ibs. of wool, 724,366 of butter, 77,750 of cheese, and 33,742 tons of hay. There were 8,043 horses, 9,991 milch cows, 16,554 other cattle, 10,672 sheep, and 34,667 swine ; 24 manufactories of carriages, 8 of furniture, 24 of cooperage, 12 of saddlery and harness, 4 of woollen goods, 1 pork-packing establishment, 2 breweries, 14 saw mills, and 9 flour mills. Capital, Bellevue. XVIII. A W. county of Mis- souri, bordering on Kansas, and bounded N. by the Missouri river, which receives the Kan- sas at its N. ~W. extremity ; area, 525 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 55,041, of whom 5,223 were col- ored. The surface is moderately uneven. Lime- stone is the principal rock. The soil is well watered and very fertile. The Pacific railroad of Missouri crosses it, and several other lines terminate at Kansas City within its limits. The chief productions in 1870 were 312,084 bushels of wheat, 1,504,439 of Indian corn, 173,229 of oats, 91,419 of potatoes, 70,312 Ibs. of tobacco, 237,623 of butter, and 2,373 tons of hay. There were 6,961 horses., 1,703 mules and asses, 5,294 milch cows, 9,162 other cattle, 11,016 sheep, and 30,227 swine; 9 manufac- tories of boots and shoes, 7 of brick, 24 of car- riages, 23 of clothing, 4 of confectionery, 17 of furniture, 1 of hosiery, 3 of iron castings, 1 of machinery, 9 of marble and stone work, 17 of saddlery and harness, 4 of sash, doors, and blinds, 1 of scales, 25 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 4 of tobacco and snuff, 14 of cigars, 7 of upholstery, 5 breweries, 14 flour mills, 4 saw mills, 4 establishments for packing beef, and 4 for packing pork. Capital, Inde- pendence. XIX. A N. E. county of Kansas, drained by Grasshopper river, Soldier creek, and other affluents of the Kansas ; area, 556 sq. in. ; pop. in 1870, 6,053. The surface is diver- sified, the soil fertile. The Central branch of the Union Pacific railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 61,583 bushels of wheat, 486,940 of Indian corn, 137,894 of oats, 52,497 of potatoes, 145,698 Ibs. of butter, and 16,273 tons of hay. There were 3,484 horses, 3,349 milch cows, 5,826 other cattle, 2,857 sheep, and 4,622 swine. Capital, Holton. XX. A S. county of Oregon, bounded S. by California, and traversed by the Cascade mountains; area, 11,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,778, of whom 634 were Chinese. Rogue river drains the W. portion ; E. of the Cascade range are numerous lakes, containing the head waters of Klamath river. The soil in the west is fertile ; much of the E. portion is desert. The surface is much diversified, and there is a great variety of climate. Water power is abun- dant. Gold has been found on Jackson creek. The chief productions in 1870 were 15,226 bush- els of wheat, 6,000 of Indian corn, 47,800 of oats, 8,020 of barley, and 1,814 tons of hay. There were 1,404 horses, 1,007 milch cows, 2,509-other cattle, 2,108 sheep, and 5,772 swine; 2 flour mills, and 1 woollen factory. Capital, Jacksonville. JACKSON, a city and the county seat of Jack- son co., Michigan, on both banks of Grand river, near its source, 74 m. W. of Detroit and 36 m. S. by E. of. Lansing; pop. in 1850, 2,363 ; in 1860, 4,799 ; in 1870, 11,447, of whom 2,448 were foreigners. It is lighted with gas, and has paved streets, water works on the Holly system, and an efficient police force. There are two fine hotels and many excellent business structures. Several of the churches are hand- some edifices, and the two union school houses are large and well arranged. An iron bridge has recently been built across the river. The Michigan state penitentiary, the buildings and walls of which are of stone, is situated here.
