ANDREW JACKSON 485 It occupies an enclosed area of eight acres. The main building is 500 ft. long, 57 broad, and 44 high. The city derives its chief im- portance from its position at the intersection of six railroads, viz. : the Michigan Central (main line) ; the Jackson branch of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern ; the Fort Wayne, Jackson, and Saginaw ; and the Jackson, Lan- sing, and Saginaw, the Grand River Valley, and the Air-Line divisions of the Michigan Central. The last named company has lately erected here the finest passenger depot in the state ; the building is of brick and stone, 294 ft. by 40, and is finely fitted up. The company has also extensive machine shops and other structures here. In the N. part of the city are two mines of bituminous coal, and a third 2 or 3 m. beyond the city limits, which yield a valuable product. The river furnishes good water power, and there are manufactories of chemicals, bricks, drain pipe, fire bricks, agri- cultural implements, wagons, and furniture, fonnderies, machine shops, a large rolling mill and nut, bolt, and spike factory, breweries, flour mills, planing mills, potteries, &c. The value of manufactures in 1872 was about $3,000,000. The sales of merchandise amount- ed to $3,230,500. There are four banks with an aggregate capital of $350,000. Besides the union schools there are eight ward school houses. The schools are graded, and in 1872 included two high, five grammar, and seven primary schools, with 40 teachers and 2,000 pupils. There are also a business college, a German Lutheran school, a young men's libra- ry of 2,500 volumes, two daily and two week- ly newspapers, and 13 churches. Jackson be- came a city in 1857. JACKSON. I. A town of Hinds co., Missis- sippi, capital of the state, on the W. bank of Pearl river, at the intersection of the New Or- leans, Jackson, and Great Northern and the Vicksburg and Meridian railroads, 183 m. by rail N. of New Orleans, and 45 m. E. of Vicks- burg; lat. 32 23' N., Ion. 90 8' W.; pop. in 1850, 1,881 ; in 1860, 3,191 ; in 1870, 4,234, of whom 1,964 were colored; in 1874, about 6,000. It is regularly built on undulating ground. The principal public buildings are the state house, executive mansion, state lu- natic asylum, the state institutions for the deaf and dumb and the blind, and the city hall, in which the United States courts and the courts foivthe first judicial district of the county are held. The state, penitentiary, a large and hand- some edifice, was nearly destroyed during the civil war, but it is soon to be rebuilt. The state house is an elegant building, erected at a cost of $600,000, and in it the sessions of the supreme court of the state are held. Consid- erable quantities of cotton are shipped from Jackson, and there are two founderies, a sash and blind factory, about 60 stores, several ho- tels, two banks, several public and private schools, three weekly newspapers (one of which also issues a daily edition during the session of the legislature), and ten churches. The state library contains 15,000 volumes. Jackson was occupied by the federal forces on May 14, 1863, when the railroad depots, bridges, arsenals, workshops, storehouses, and many residences were destroyed ; and on two subsequent occa- sions during the war it was in the possession of the Union troops. II. A town of East Fe- liciana parish, Louisiana, 30 m. N. of Baton Rouge; pop. in 1870, 934, of whom 218 were colored. It is the seat of the state asylum for the insane, founded in 1848, and of Centenary college, under the charge of the Methodists, founded in 1825, and having in 1872 4 profes- sors, 83 students, and a library of 2,000 vol- umes. A weekly newspaper is published. III. A city and the capital of Madison co., Tennes- see, on the Forked Deer river, at the intersec- tion of the Mobile and Ohio and the Mississip- pi Central railroads, 117 m. W. S. W. of Nash- ville and 72 m. N. E. of Memphis ; pop. in 1850, 1,006; in 1860, 2,407; in 1870 4,119, of whom 1,500 were colored ; in 1874 estimated by local authorities at 10,000. It is pleasantly situated in the midst of a fertile region, and has a large and growing trade, more than 20,000 bales of cotton having been shipped from this point in 1873-'4. The city contains three planing mills, a foundery, two soda water manufactories, a brewery, a cooperage establishment, and the machine shops of the Mobile and Ohio rail- road. A cotton factory is to be erected, and the shops of the Mississippi Central railroad are soon to be established here. There are a national and a savings bank, a daily and two weekly newspapers, a monthly periodical, two public and several other schools, including a female institute under the management of the Memphis Methodist Episcopal conference, and 11 churches. Jackson is the seat of West Ten- nessee college, which in 1871-'2 had 4 profes- sors and 152 students. JACKSON, Andrew, seventh president of the United States, born in the Waxhaw settlement, N. 0., March 15, 1767, died at the "Hermit- age," near Nashville, Tenn., June 8, 1845. His parents, who were Scotch-Irish, emigrated from Carrickfergus, Ireland, in 1765, and settled on Twelve-mile creek, a branch of the Catawba river. They had been very poor at home, the father tilling a few acres, while his wife, Eliza- beth Hutchinson, belonged to a hard-working and scantily paid family of linen weavers. Mr. Jackson never owned any land in America, and after his death, early in the spring of 1767, his widow removed to Waxhaw creek, where her relatives resided. It was in the house of her brother-in-law, George McKemey, that the fu- ture president was born, a few days after the death of his father. Shortly afterward Mrs. Jackson removed to the house of another brother-in-law, Mr. Crawford, whose house- keeper she became, because of the illness of his wife. Little is known of Andrew's childhood. He is described as a frolicsome, mischievous generous, brave, and resolute boy, passion-
