JAZYGIA JEDBURGH 585 the protection of Rome, and were called Jazy- ges Metanasta, or transplanted. Their name disappeared in the great invasion of the Ma- gyars. They reappeared as a Magyarized tribe (Hun. Jdszok, bowmen) at a later period, when their possessions between the Danube and Theiss formed a separate central district of Hungary under the name of Jazygia (Jdszsdg). This fertile region was united with Cumania, and down to 1848 was under the special ad- ministration of the palatine, who also bore the title of captain of the Jazyges and Cumanians. It embraces among others the towns of Jasz- bereny, the capital of the united districts, Arok-Szallas, and Apathi, and has an area of 400 sq. m., and a population of 60,000 (area of Jazygia and Oumania together, 1,825 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 215,526). (See CUMANIA.) JAZYGIA. See JAZYGES. JEAFFRES01V, John Cordy, an English author, born at Framlingham, Suffolk, in January, 1831. He studied medicine for a while, after- ward entered Pembroke college, Oxford, where he graduated, in 1852 entered Lincoln's inn as a law student, and in 1859 was admitted to the bar. While an undergraduate ho con- tributed frequently to magazines and news- papers. His first novel was "Crew Rise" (1854). This was followed by " Hinchbrook " (1855) and several other novels, such as "Isa- bel, the Young Wife and Old Love," " Miriam Copley," "Sir Edward's Daughter" (1860), " Olive Blake's Good Work " (1862), and " Live it Down " (1863). Among his other works are "A Book about Doctors" (1860), "A Book about Lawyers" (1866), " A Book about the Clergy," " Annals of Oxford " (1870), and "A Woman in Spite of Herself" (1872). JEANRON, Philippe Angnstr, a French painter, horn in Boulogne, May 10, 1809. He is a self-taught artist, and became known in Paris in 1830 by his "Little Patri- ots" and other genre pic- tures, especially the " Twelve Episodes in a Proletarian Life," executed for Ledru- Rollin, who placed him in 1848 at the head of all the national museums, from which gffice he retired in 1850, after making great im- provements in the Louvre and other institutions in Paris and elsewhere. He afterward became director of the museum of Marseilles. One of his best works is " The Abandoned Port of Ambleteuse," in the Luxembourg. He has written Hiitoire de Veeole franfaise (1852), and De Vart de la peinture (1865). JEBAIL, or Jebeil, a town of Syria, built on an eminence near the Mediterranean, at the foot of Mt. Lebanon, 20 m. K of Beyrout; pop. about 600. It is walled on the land side, contains large gardens, a strongly built castle, an old Maronite church, and a mosque. It is supposed to be the Byblus of the ancients, often mentioned as a city of Phoenicia, between Tri- polis and Berytus, the modern Tarablus and Beyrout. In the Scriptures it is called Gebal, a word signifying mountain. Its territory is called the land of the Giblites (Josh. xiii. 5) ; and its inhabitants are mentioned among the builders of the Phoenician king Hiram, who assisted King Solomon in building the temple of Jerusalem. Its elders and wise men are men- tioned as calkers of Tyre, in the time of its glory (Ezek. xxvii. 9). It is said to be the birth- place of Adonis, and just S. of the town the river Adonis falls into the sea. The harbor of Jebail was destroyed during the wars' of the crusaders, who captured the town and kept it as long as they maintained their power in Syria. It was taken from Mehemet Ali by the English in 1840. Another Gebal is mentioned in the Scriptures, a mountainous region S. of the Dead sea, the Jebal of the Arabs, the Geba- lene of the Greeks, and probably the Syria So- bal of the crusaders. JEBEL SHOMER. See SHOMEH. JEDBIRGH, the chief town of Roxburgh- shire, Scotland, on the left bank of the river Jed, 42 m. S. E. of Edinburgh; pop. in 1871, 3,321. It is a well built and picturesque town, with manufactures of woollens, iron and brass wares, and machinery ; but its history and an- tiquities give it its chief celebrity. The prin- Jedburgh Abbey. cipal architectural remains are the ruins of the ancient and once magnificent abbey, built during the 12th century, and the castle, a fa- vorite residence of the early Scottish kings, now used as a prison. Jedburgh was the scene of many desperate conflicts during the
