436 ROSE prised in it, and they differ according to the preponderance of one or another parent. They are numbered by hundreds, and the list re- ceives annual additions through the labors es- pecially of the French, and to some extent of the English growers; Baron Provost, General Jacqueminot, Giant of Battles, Jules Margot- tin, and La Reine are well known and tine examples of this class. There are a few moss roses which, having a tendency to bloom a second time, are classed as remontant moss. The Bourbon rose, first obtained on the isle of Bourbon by a cross between the China and a damask variety, is a race including some magnificent kinds, but they are not so gen- erally hardy as the preceding; they are abun- dant bloomers, and are useful for forcing; the Souvenir de Malmaison, everywhere a stan- dard of perfection, belongs here, as does Her- mosa, so much valued for forcing. 4. Roe which bloom continuously all the year. The Bourbons are classed among the ever-blooming roses, but they are less constant than the China roses, which are varieties of 7?. Indica and prized for the abundance and brilliancy of their flowers; they are too tender for northern winters, but are easily protected by bending down the stems and covering them with sods, or by placing them in a frame and covering with leaves; the readiness with which they may bo multiplied makes them the cheapest of all roses, and they are much used for bed- ding out in summer, where they flower in the hot months; they are well adapted to green- house culture, and are the easiest of all to grow in the window garden; they are popu- larly known as monthly roses, and are given in some catalogues as Bengal roses. Agrippina, Daily Blush, Daily White, and Mrs. Bosanquet are among the best of this class. The Noisette roses originated with M. Noisette, a florist at Charleston, S. C., who in 1817 crossed a musk rose (R. moschata) with the pollen of a tea rose; they are for the most part climbers, and have the habit of blooming in clusters of the musk; these have been again crossed with the tea, and varieties produced which are exceed- ingly difficult to classify. Some of the Noi- settes are nearly hardy at the north, while oth- ers are very tender; Lamarque is the best known, being everywhere popular as a green- house climber; its sulphur-yellow flowers are produced in great abundance; Chromatella and Solfaterra are choice varieties, both darker yellow than Lamarque, which is their parent. The tea or tea-scented roses are from a va- riety of the China rose (R. Indica, var. odo- rata); they have long buds, semi-double flow- ers, and a fragrance resembling that of green tea. A blush and a yellow tea rose were brought from China early in the present cen- tury, and from these have proceeded a large and increasing class, all of great delicacy of color; some make long branches and are adapt- ed for pillars or rafters; they are more ten- der than any others, and require the same pro- tection as the China roses. Buds of tea roses are in great request for winter decorations, and near the principal cities large houses are devoted to rose forcing; the colors are white, buff, salmon, and various shades of yellow and rose, with combinations of these in the same Double Rose (Noisette). flower. Among the most popular of the tea roses are Bon Silene, Gloire de Dijon, Isa- bella Sprunt, Pactole, Safrano, and White Tea; the grand yellow rose, Marechal Niel, is by some classed as a tea, and by others as a Noi- sette; it is a rampant grower, and produces freely enormous flowers of a fine golden color, which deepens to the centre. Propagation and Cultivation. New varieties of roses are sometimes obtained from the seed of flowers which have been cross-fertilized, but cultiva- tors, knowing the tendency of flowers so far removed from their normal state to vary, sow seeds from any good variety. Though in very double flowers the stamens may be quite ob- literated, the pistils usually remain serviceable, and such may be fertilized with other pollen. The seed should be sown as soon as ripe and exposed to changes of weather, and the plants which appear will in some cases flower the same year, in others not until the next. Es- tablished varieties are multiplied by cuttings, by layering, by suckers, and by budding or grafting. Plants which have been potted for the purpose are forced into growth by the florists in early spring, and cuttings are tuki-n of the young and slightly hardened wood; another set of cuttings may be made from the tender shoots formed by roses in the open ground in August, and still another from the ripened wood in October, setting them in a cold frame, and when freezing weather comes on covering them with leaves; the majority of such cuttings will be well rooted in early spring. Layering is a ready method of mul- tiplying hardy roses. (See LAYERING.) In
