438 KOSE BAY ROSECRANS in Florence, Italy, Dec. 22, 1838. He grad- uated at Trinity college, Cambridge, in 1817, was ordained there in 1818, and in 1825 was chosen select preacher of the university ; and at the time of his death he was rector of St. Thomas's, Southwark. In 1832 he founded and edited the " British Magazine," and in 1836 became principal of King's college, Lon- don. Among his works are : Inscriptions GroBCte Vetustistimce (8vo, 1825) ; " Christian- ity always Progressive " (1829) ; " Farmers and Clergy" (1831); "Answer to the Case of the Dissenters" (1834); and Concio ad Clerum (1835). He was editor of the "Encyclopae- dia Metropolitana," and projected the "New General Biographical Dictionary," published after his death. - II. Ilenry John, an English author, brother of the preceding, born in 1801, died in Bedford, Jan. 31, 1873. He gradua- ted at St. John's college, Cambridge, in 1821, became fellow of his college in 1824, Hul- sean lecturer in 1833, rector of Houghton Conquest, Bedfordshire, in 1837, and arch- deacon of Bedford in 1866. He edited the " Encyclopaedia Metropolitana" from 1839, and also the first volume of " Rose's Biographical Dictionary;" translated Neander's " History of the Christian Religion and Church during the first three centuries" (2 vols., 1831; 2d ed., 1842); contributed one of the essays in "Re- plies to Essays and Reviews" (1861); edited in conjunction with the Rev. J. W. Burgon, Schnorr's " Bible Prints," with accompany- ing letterpress (1864) ; and was one of the au- thors of "The Speaker's Commentary." He also published "The Law of Moses viewed in Connection with the History and Character of the Jews " (Hulsean lectures, 1834), and re- printed from the "Encyclopaedia Metropoli- tana" his "History of the Christian Church from 1700 to 1858" (1858). ROSE BAY. See RHODODENDRON. ROSE BUG, a diurnal beetle of the melolon- thian group, the melolontha tubspinota (Fab.) or macrodactylus subpinosu (Lat.). It is about ^ of an inch long, buff yellow above and white below, with a slender body tapering before and behind, entirely covered with very short ashy yellow down ; thorax angularly widened in the middle of each side, which suggested the specific name ; the legs slender, yellow or pale red, with the joints of the feet very long and tipped with black. This insect, one of the greatest pests in gardens and nurseries, was unknown in northern New England until within 50 years; its annual appearance coincides with the blossoming of the rose, whence the common name; it attacks also grape vines, young apples and other fruits, garden vegetables, corn, forest trees, and even grass, devouring flowers, leaves, and fruit. They arrive in swarms unexpectedly, and dis- appear as suddenly; they emerge from the ground about the second week in June, and remain 30 or 40 days, when the males die, and Rose Bug. the females enter the earth, lay their eggs, and return to the surface to perish ; the eggs are about 30, nearly globular, whitish, ^ of an inch in diameter, placed from 1 to 4 in. below the surface, and hatched in 20 days. The larva? begin at once to feed on tender roots, and by the autumn are nearly three fourths of an inch long and one eighth of an inch in diameter ; they are yellowish white, bluish toward the posterior end, with a few short hairs; there are six short legs, a pair to each of the first three rings behind the head, the last part cov- ered with a horny shell of a pale rust color ; in October they defend below the reach of frost, and pass the v inter in a torpid state ; in the spring they come toward the surface and form little shells of earth, within which they are transformed during May into pupa; ; these are yellowish white, with stump-like wings, legs, and antennae folded on the breast, and the whole enclosed in a filmy skin which is rent in June, and the perfect beetle digs its way to the surface. As they are beyond reach during the egg, larva, and pupa states, they can only bo exterminated as perfect insects ; they are destroyed by crushing, scalding, and burning, after being shaken daily from the in- fested plants. They are occasionally found in immense numbers on the flowers of the worth- less whiteweed (chrysanthemum leucanthe- iii inn) ; in this case it is expedient to mow it, and consume it with them on the spot. It is said that they never infest the cinnamon rose. This is one of the most destructive of insects, in some places in the west having consumed year after year the crop of young apples; choice fruits in such cases can only be pre- served by covering them with netting. In- sectivorous birds devour these beetles ; moles and various predaceous animals and insects also eat them ; young chickens are said some- times to be killed by the irritation produced by the prickly feet and sharp claws of these insects which they have swallowed. The Eu- ropean rose chafer is another allied lamelli- corn beetle, the cetonia aurata (Fab.). ROSECRANS, William Starke, an American sol- dier, born at Kingston, Ohio, Sept. 6, 1819. He graduated at West Point, and served for a year as assistant engineer in the construction of fortifications at Hampton Roads, Va. From 1844 to 1847 he was assistant professor of engineering and natural philosophy at West Point. He resigned his commission in 1854, and became a civil engineer and architect at Cincinnati, was superintendent of a coal com- pany, and also engaged in the manufacture of kerosene oil. At the commencement of the civil war he became voluntary aide-de-camp to Gen. McClellan, who commanded the depart- ment of the Ohio, and was soon made briga- dier general of the regular army. He took a prominent part in the operations in Western Virginia, and was put in command of that de- partment when McClellan was placed at the head of the army. In March, 1862, he was made
