STOCK FISH STOCKHOLM 389 or the end of the next month. The 4th of each month is settling day. The parquet is in ses- sion from 1 to 3 P. M. every day ; the coulisse is in session through the day, and it includes a large number of female jobbers and specu- lators. The London stock exchange numbers nearly 2,000 regular members, who must be reflected annually. Each member pays 10 yearly, and three members give security to the amount of 300 each for a new member. The excitement at the hour of " high 'change," in London, Paris, or New York, is often such as beggars description ; several hundred men are shouting, calling out what they have to sell or what they wish to buy, at the top of their voices, all together, and leaping and gesticu- lating, almost as if insane ; in speculative peri- ods, immense sums are made or lost in a few minutes. The stock exchanges of Amsterdam, Berlin, Frankfort, Madrid, and Vienna are among those most noted in Europe. STOCK FISH. See COD... STOCK 1IAK1>T, Jnlins Adolf, a German chem- ist, born at Rohrs- dorf, Saxony, Jan. 4, 1809. After serving in a pharmacy, he taught natural scien- ces at Dresden in 1838-'9, afterward at Chemnitz till 1847, and in 1848 was called to the new chair of agricultural chemis- try in the academy of Tharand. In 1844 he began a course of lectures before the Chemnitz agricultural society, which led to the establishment of the system of agri- cultural experimental stations. From 1846 to 1849 he edited Das polytechnische Centralblatt, and from 1850 to 1855 (with Schober), Die Zeitschrift fur deutsche Landwirthe ; and in 1855 he estab- lished at Berlin Der chemische AcJcersmann, in which are published his familiar lectures before farmers' clubs and societies, which he calls " field sermons." It is said that the yield of grain in Saxony has been doubled chief- ly through his efforts. His principal works are : Untersuchung der zwiclcauer Steinlcohlen (1840) ; Ueber Erkennung und Anwendung der Giftfarbe (1844); Schule der Chemie (1846; 17th ed., 1873; English translation by G. H. Pence, M. D., "The Principles of Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments," Cambridge, Mass., 1850; Also by A. Henf rey, London, 1855); Guanoluchlein (1851); and Chemische Feld- predigten (1851 ; English translation by J. E. Teschemacher, "Chemical Field Lectures for Agriculturists," Cambridge, Mass., 1853). STOCKHOLM, a city and the capital of Sweden, in lat. 59 20' K, Ion. 18 3' E., 330 m. M". E. of Copenhagen; pop. in 1874, 147,249. It is partly built on islands and intersected by many canals, surrounded on the land side by rocks, forests, and hills, and on the water side by Lake Mselar and the Salt Sjo (Salt lake), an arm of the Baltic. This combination of land and water, together with the magnificent harbor and pal- ace, and other remarkable sights, forms one of the most picturesque panoramas in the world. The city is well built, has several fine squares, and abounds in stately buildings. The royal palace, completed in 1754, consists of a huge quadrangle of solid granite ; it is as remarkable for the fitting up of the royal apartments as for its grand and admirable proportions, and the chaste yet massive style of its Italian ar- chitecture. It is on the highest and most cen- tral of the three islands of the original town, distinctively called the city (Stad), and one of Eoyal Palace, Stockholm. the three main metropolitan divisions. These islands have been enlarged by embankments built on piles, whence the name of Stockholm, meaning an island on piles. The other two chief divisions are the northern suburb (Norr- malm), the fashionable quarter, and the south- ern suburb (Sodermalm), that of the working classes ; the former is connected with the city by a fine granite bridge, and the latter by sev- eral drawbridges, and there is a new line of railway, with remarkable viaducts and tun- nels. The principal government offices and mercantile houses are adjacent to the palace and the quay, and the most elegant stores are in Norrmalm. The building next in beauty to the royal palace is the new national museum, at the S. end of the formerly separate island of Blasiiholm, which is now united to Norr- malm. Its front faces the terrace garden of the royal palace, overlooking the harbor ; it is 260 ft. long by 170 ft. broad, and 90 ft. high,
