270 CLARE. Dukedom. Lionel Plantagenet, styled " of Antwerp," 3rd but I. 1362 2nd sun-, s. of King Edward III, by Philippa, da. of William, Copxt , ' Of Holland and Hainavlt, was 5. 29 Nov. 1338 at Antwerp, and i ope having (in his 1th year), ?». y Sep. 1342 (or previously) at the Tower l6bb - of London, Elizabeth, only da. and h. of William (de Burgh), 3rd EaEL OK Ulstkk [I.], by Maud, da. of Henry (PlaNTagknkt), E am, OP Lancaster, consummated the said marriage, when aged 24, in 1352. By this mated, he became, in her right, EARL OF ULSTER [I.], being recognised as such previous to 26 Jany. 1347, and acquired not only the right to the vast estates in Ireland^) of the de Burgh family, but the possession of a large part (including the honour of Clnre) of the estates of the great family of Tie Clare (Earls of Gloucester and Hertford) in right of his said wife's paternal grandmother Elizabeth, " Lady of Clare," wife of John de Burgh, 3rd and yst. sister and coheir of Gilbert (de Clare), Earl of Gloucester, &e., aboveimmed He was, accordingly, on 13 Nov. 1362, er. in full Parl.(>') DUKE OF CLARENCE (" de ( a ) He was unable to get actual possession of much of these owing to the prevalence of the right of the heir male in the kingdom of Ireland. See, ante, p. 257, note " a," Sllb " CXAXKICARDE." ( b ) Rot. Pari. Vol. ii, p. 273. " Having also the Honour of Clare in co. Suffolk [he] was in a Pari, held 1 362, cr. Duke of Clarence, as it were of the country about the town, Castle and honour of Clare, from which Duchy the name Cltirenceux (behig the title of the King of Arms for the south, east, and west parts of England on this side Trent) is derived. See " Sandford," p. 222. It is likely that the designation of ulost of the 13 members of the College of Arms originated in the reign of Edward III. As to the two Provincial Kings, it was by that King that the country north of the Trent was assigned to a King of Arms, thence called " Nord Roy " or " Norroy," the country south thereof being assigned to " Sud Roy " or " Surrey." The former designation (tho' interrupted for a time) was restored by Edward IV and still exists ; but the latter gave place to " Clarenceux lung of Arms," probably in 1362, in honour of the Duke of Clarence aboveuamed. Anyhow, it appears to have existed as a Kingship temp. Henry V, (whose br., Thomas, was Duke of Clarence, 1411-21), and even temp. Henry VI, but, towards the middle of the 15th century, however, it relapsed into a heraldship tho' restored as a Kingship by Edward IV, perhaps in honour of that King's br., George, who was or., in 1461, Duke of Clarence. As to " Garter Principal King of Arms," that office did not exist till Henry V instituted it as (in lieu of " Windsor ") the officer of arms to the order of the Garter, and placed it above the Provincial Kings as the bead of the College of Arms. Of the six existing Heraldships (1) "Windsor Herald, founded by Edward III (Edward of Windsor), had the charge of the Knights of the Garter, whose chapel is at Windsor, till the institution of " Garter King" as abovementioned. (2) Chester Herald was probably instituted in honour of Edward, the Black Prince, Earl of Chester, the King's eldest son. That " Olaren- ceux " was, probably, instituted in honour of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, the King's 2nd surv. s., is mentioned above. (3) Lancaster Herald was probably instituted in honour of John (of Gaunt), Duke of Lancaster, the King's 3rd surv. s. "Lancaster" was made the designation of a King of Arms by Henry IV, for a short time, was altogether abolished by Edward IV, but was re-established, as a Heraldship, by Henry VII, who prided himself on a (bastard) descent from the said Duke John. (4) York Herald was probably instituted in honour of Edmund, Duke of York, 4th surv. s. of Edwardlll. It was certaiuly in existence durnig the reign of the Yorkist Kings, and was continued by Henry VII, whose wife was of that House ; on the other hand, Gloucester Herald (which was probably instituted in honour of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, the yst. and only other son of Edward III), and which certainly existed (as a King of Arms) under Richard III, was, on Richard's overthrow, abolished by the new King, Henry VII, who, in recognition of his own title as Duke of Richmond, and of his descent from the house of Beaufort, Dukes of Somerset, established or re-estab- lished (5) Richmond Herald, and (6) Somerset Herald. As to the four existing Pursuivantships (1 ) Rouge Croix and (2) Bluemantle (doubtless Bo-called from the red cross of St. George and from the blue robes of tho order of the Garter) both existed in the times of the Yorkist Kings, and were continued by their successor, Henry VII, which King, to commemorate his supposed descent (ex parte paterna) from
