6io APPENDIX C Edward. It is strange that with an Edward on the throne for more than lOO years, 1 272-1 377, the name should not have become more widely spread among those who frequented the Court, and it contrasts strikingly with the increased popularity of Charles, Anne, and George, when in later times those monarchs were reigning. Possibly Henry III gave his sons the names of Edward and Edmund with a politic object (though most people consider that Edward was chosen out of respect to the Confessor's memory, and Edmund after St. Edmund of Bury), as Patrick was given to the Duke of Connaught in the nineteenth century, or possibly as Arthur was to Geoffrey's son in the twelfth. Though Edward and Edmund were not common among the nobility, they were common among the London citizens in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Edward was Abbot of Reading about 11 50, and Edmund was an Alderman of London at about the same time. Edward was prepositus of Westminster in 1202, and Edmund was porter of Southwark Priory at the same date, and several other instances could be given of the use of both names. lthz. Ethel and Edith have not been found north of the Tweed in early times, though the latter is fairly common in early English charters, and in spite of the fact that the former occurs in composition among our Saxon monarchs, Aethelwulf, Aethelbald, Aethelbert, Aethelred, the Editor has never found it alone in any early document; indeed it has been stated that the simple form Ethel was invented by Thackeray for the heroine of The Newcomes.i^) [^atinization of When a clerk had to render a name in a charter he usually sought for the English names, nearest Latin equivalent, sometimes he took a correct one, as de Bello Campo for Beauchamp; sometimes a grotesque one, such as de Aureis Testiculis C") for Orescuilz (now preserved in Sampford Orcas), or (which occurs in a Lincoln Charter) such as Pedechen and Pedeken for Hundefot, i.e. Hounds foot; and in the Kirkstead Chartulary, Towilhes, whose real name, Twowithies or Willows, is shown by his appearing elsewhere as de Duabus Salicibus;(') sometimes a very dubious one, such as de Mortuo Mari for Mortimer, de Bello Manso for Beaumes, and de Campo Arnulphi for Cham- pernowne; often one wholly wrong, as if someone should translate Gladstone Felix Lapis instead of Accipitris Lapis, e.g. de Vento Morbido, Windsor; de Bono Fossato, Goodrick; de Campo Bello, Campbell; de Cari Loco, Chenlewe; de Clivo Forti, Clifford; de Rubra Manu, Redmayne ; (^) Prof. Gollancz however points out that in the Liber Vitae, a. Northumbrian text, Eailu (= Ethel) is written in letters of gold as the name of a great princess or abbess among the benefactors of Durham Cathedral, so Ethel Newcome may be looked upon rather as a revival than a creation. C") The Italian family of Colleoni bore three scrotums proper on their shield. (W. Paley Baildon). (<=) At first sight the name of a well known old firm of Highgate nurserymen, Cutbush, though singularly appropriate for their calling, does not suggest any connec- tion with Talboys, but if the etymology of the latter, tailleur du bois, be considered, they will be seen to be the same. W. Paley Baildon points out that Talwood is a com- mon word in early accounts for wood cut into billets.
