University of Berlin. He early devoted himself to Oriental research, and at the age of twenty-five published a treatise on Sanskrit accent (Bonn, 1847). In collaboration with Kirchhoff, he issued Die umbrischen Denkmäler (1849-51), and with Adalbert Kuhn he founded the Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (1852). In 1862 he was appointed professor of Sanskrit and comparative philology at the University of Edinburgh, which in 1875 conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. Shortly afterwards he left Scotland, and accepted a professorship at Bonn, resigning his position in 1889. Among Dr. Aufrecht's many contributions to linguistic science, the most important are an edition of the Rigveda in English letters, Ujjvaladatta's Commentary, from a manuscript in the library of the East India House (1859), Aitareya Brahmana (1879); and Catalogus Catalogorum, An Alphabetical Register of Sanskrit Works and Authors (Leipzig, Part I., 1891; Part II., 1896).
AUGARTEN, ou′gär-ten (Ger. Aue, meadow + Garten, garden). A park in Vienna, once noted for its musical associations. Mozart, in 1782, was instrumental in starting concerts there, and it has been the scene of many musical first nights. It was opened in 1775 by Joseph II., and is laid out in the old French style.
AUGE, .a'je. See Teiephus.
AU'GEAS (Gk. Avy^as, Avyda^. Atirjeias). The
son of Helios. Eleios, or Poseidon, and Hyrmina
or Iphiboe. He was King of Elis, and renowned
for his wealth in oxen, of which he fed 3000 head
in his staldes. The cleansing of these stables, from
the accumulations of years, in a single day, was
one of the labors imposed on Hercules by Eurys-
theus. The hero bargained with Augeas for a
tenth of the oxen as his reward, and then turned
the rivers Alpheus and Peneus through the
mass of ordure, thus accomplishing his prorai.se.
When Augeas refused to pay the stipulated
wages, a war ensued and Augeas was slain by
Hei'acles. The fable of the Augean stables serves
as an allusion to jiolitical corruption. See Her-
cules.
AUGEREAU, uzh'rfi', Pierre Francois
Charles, Duke of Castiglione (1757-lSlfi). A
marshal and peer of France. He was born at
Paris, and after serving some time in the French
carabineers, he entered the Neapolitan service,
in which he remained until 1787, when he settled
in Naples as a fencing-master. With other
French residents he was banished from that city
in 1792, and immediately volunteered in the
French Revolutionary Array. In less than three
years he was made general of a brigade. In
Bonaparte's Italian campaign of 1790 he
greatly distinguished liimself in the field
and in council. He took an active part in
the battles of Millesimo, Ceva, Lodi, Castiglione,
(from which he received his title), Roveredo and
Bassano. In 1797 he was appointed to the
command of the Army of the Rhine; but within
a few months the Covincil of Five Hundred,
not liking the spirit he disjdayed there, made
him commander of the Tenth Division, at Per-
pignan. This post he resigned in 1799. when
he was elected to the Council of Five Hun-
dred. In 1800 he received the command of the
army in Holland, and was active in several en-
gagements. In 1804 he was made a marshal. He
fought at Wetzlar, Jena, Eylau, in Italy (1809),
in S]iain (1810), and at Leipzig (181.3). Dur-
ing the campaign of 1814 he disappointed the
expectations of Naixdeon, who had placed great
trust in him. Mistrusted by the restored
Bourbons, he lived in retirement on his estate
till his death in 1810. His character was far
from admirable; he was rough, cruel, and selfish;
lie plundered shamelessly, and bought plunder
at reduced rates from his men. But he was a
I)rilliant leader and a fearless soldier in the
field.
AU'GERSHELL. The general English name
of gastropod mollusks of the family Terebridae,
suggested by their elongated, sharply pointed
spiral form, and solid substance (see Plate of
Abalone, etc.) . They appear by their dentition
to be related to the cones and pleurotonies, but
otherwise are very distinct, having a very small
body and short siphon, proportionately, with the
foot short and rounded in front and elongated
behind, tipped with a small operculum. They are
carnivorous, and the eyes in many species are al-
most invisible, and in all are borne upon minute
stalks. Jlore than 200 species are known, most
of which are inhabitants of the tropical seas and
of the South Pacific. The shells are slender,
acuminate, sometimes several inches in length,
and often very solid, with Hat whorls orna-
mented with spiral sculpturing, and usually
variegated with red, brown, and orange spots and
stripes. They occur all the waj' from the shore
to rather deep water, creeping on the bottom in
search of prey. The history of the family goes
back to the Miocene period. For illustration see
Abalone, etc.
AU'GERWORM'. The larva of the British
goat-moth (q.v.).
AUGIER, 6'zhy.a'. Emile (1820-89). Prob-
ably the greatest French dramatist of the Nine-
teenth Century. When comedy was in danger of
being stified between the vaudeville of Scribe
and the sensational drama of the Romanticists,
he, with the younger Dumas, raised it to a more
vigorous, realistic life, and a truer contemporary
morality than it had known since !Moli6re.
Augier was born at Valence. September 17, 1820,
and at first practiced law; but he inherited
from his grandfather. Pigault-Lebrun. a prolific
though mediocre novelist, a bent for literature,
and, wrote while still in a notary's study Charles
VII. a yaples, which was a failure. La eigne,
acted in 1844, showed promise, and was approved
by Ponsard (q.v.). It achieved success, and de-
cided the dramatist's career. It was a Greek play,
graceful, witty, and like Le joueiir de ffnte, writ-
ten also at this time, though not acted until 1850,
it pleads, in easy verse, the cause of the courtesan
redeemed by love, which his later prose dramas
eloquently condemn. L'arentnrierc (1848) presents the same theme in a French setting, and was rewritten to suit his later position in 1860. He was still feeling his way, and is next found collaborating with Alfred de Musset in L'hahit I'ert (1849). a trifle, and. like Le posiseriptum (1809), a failure. Then, with GahrieUe (1849), begins Augier's second manner. In this 'domestic drama' he becomes the champion of average, conventional ethics, allaying the calculations of interest to the language of sentiment, as the Romanticists had never done. From this position Diane (1852) shows a momentary recoil, Philiherte (18,53) a slight advance, and La pierre de tonche (18.53) a decided progress, thanks, per-
