whose complete works he translated (1841). Spinoza's philosophy can be traced in the ethics of his novels of the higher social life. His life was uneventful, though embittered at the close by the growth of German anti-Semitism. His best-known works are Das Judentum und die neueste Litteratur (1836); a semi-biographical novel, Spinoza (1837); Dichter und Kaufmann (1839); Der gebildete Bürger, an attempt to popularize philosophical subjects (1842); Schwarzwälder Dorfgeschichten (1843) — his first great success, widely translated, and expressing with a sympathetic realism the memories and scenes of youth. This was followed in the same field by the hardly less charming second series of Village Tales (1846), Barfüssele (1856); Joseph im Schnee (1861); Edelweiss (1861); a third series of tales, Nach dreissig Jahren (1876), Der Forstmeister (1879), and Brigitta (1880). Meantime he had written a mass of now insignificant journalistic work, and, among other novels, Auf der Höhe (1865), a philosophic romance, blending peasant life and character with that of the higher circles in a royal capital and country-seat. This was an attractive exhibition of doctrinaire ethics, and established his reputation in spite of errors in construction and style. Das Landhaus am Rhein (1869) was similar but less successful, and Waldfried (1874) sought vainly to draw literary inspiration from German unity and the French war. The rest of his forty volumes are negligible. All Auerbach's longer work is overweighted with philosophy and a leaden humor. He is best in emotional situations and the sentiments of simple natures; excellent in description, but weak in the management of plot. Still, Auf der Höhe has enough inherent reality to triumph over its faults, is still read and worth reading. Auerbach's talent appears to best advantage in the Dorfgeschichten and in such modest stories as Barfüssele, Edelweiss, and Brigitta. Consult Zabel, Berthold Auerbach (Berlin, 1882).
AUERBACH'S KEL'LER. A Leipzig
wine-cellar and tavern, which occupies much the same
place in the hearts of Goethe-lovers that the
London ‘Cheshire Cheese’ holds in the hearts of
the admirers of Dr. Johnson. It is associated
with the early life of the German poet, who in
his student days was a regular habitué of it,
and is supposed to be the original of the tavern
scene in the drama of Faust.
AUERSPERG, ou'ẽr-spẽrK, Adolph Wilhelm Daniel, Prince (1821-85). An Austrian
statesman. He served in the army from 1841 to
1860, and attained to the rank of major. In
1867 he entered political life as a member of
the Bohemian Diet, being elected by the Liberal
land proprietors, and in 1868 became a member
for life of the Upper Chamber of the Austrian
Reichsrat. He was Governor of Salzburg from
1870 to 1871, and proved in that position, as well
as in his subservient political life, a stanch
supporter of the constitution. From 1871 to 1879
he was the head of the Austrian ministry, as
such succeeded in carrying out the electoral
reform, securing direct elections to the Lower
Chamber of the Reichsrat, and in strengthening
the political entente with Hungary.
AUERSPERG, Anton Alexander, Count von
(known to literature as Anastasius Grün)
(1806-76). An Austrian statesman and poet.
He was born at Laibach (Carniola), studied at
Gratz and Vienna; through his verse became
distinguished as a Liberal; was elected to the
German preliminary Parliament in 1848, and
subsequently to the National Assembly. Under
the Constitution of 1861 he was appointed by the
Emperor a life member of the House of Lords,
where he continued prominent in opposition to the
Feudal-Clerical and Slovenian parties. He was
similarly active in 1861-67 in the diets of Carniola
and Styria. His first noteworthy publication was
Der letzte Ritter (1830; new ed., 1885), a
celebration of Maximilian I., in the metre of the
Nibelungen-Lied. With Spaziergänge eines
Wiener Poeten (1831; new ed., 1835), an attack
upon the Metternich regime, he attracted great
attention. Chief among his further publications
are the Volkslieder aus Krain (1850), and
Robin Hood (1864), an adaptation of the English
ballad material. His poetry is eminently
contemplative, and at times overburdened with
the author's reflections. In its assertion of freedom
it was intluential during the political
controversy of the time, and it still may be read
for a number of genuine lyrics. His Gesammelte
Werke were edited by L. A. Frankl (Berlin, 5
vols., 1877). Consult: Schatzmayer, Anton, Graf
von Auersperg (2d ed., Frankfort, 1872), and
Radics, Anastasius Grün (Leipzig, 1878).
AUERSPERG, Carlos, Prince (1814-90).
An Austrian statesman. On the advent of the
new constitutional era, in 1861, he became a
member of the Upper Chamber of the Reichsrath.
As a representative of the Liberal landed
proprietors in the Diet of Bohemia, and afterwards
as president of the Austrian House of Peers, he
took a conspicuous part in defending the
constitutional system against clerical and feudal
reaction, and in establishing the unity of the
Empire. He presided over the Austrian ministry in
1868, and subsequently was a zealous supporter
of the Liberal Cabinet, at the head of which was
his brother Adolph.
AUERSTÄDT, ou'ẽr-stĕt. A village in
Saxony, 25 miles northeast of Weimar. Here
Davout won a great victory over the Prussians
under the Duke of Brunswick on the same day
(October 14, 1806) that Napoleon defeated their
main army at Jena. The battle was fought in
a mist, between 48,000 Prussians and 30,000
French. The Prussians lost one-half of their
army, while Davout's loss amounted to 7,000
men. Consult Lettow-Vorbeck, Der Krieg von
1806 und 1807, Vol I., Jena und Auerstädt
(Berlin, 1891).
AUF DER HÖHE, ouf dẽr hẽ'e. See
Auerbach, Berthold.
AUFFENBERG, ouf'en-bĕrK, Joseph, Baron
von (1798-1857). A German dramatist. He was
born at Freiburg, where he first studied law,
but soon began to write dramas. He
became president of the committee of the Court
Theatre at Karlsruhe several years afterwards.
The following are a few of his more important
dramatic works: Pizarro (1823); Ludwig XI.
in Peronne; Der Löwe von Kurdistan; Alhambra;
Das Nordlicht von Kasan. An edition of his
complete works (22 vols.) was published at
Wiesbaden in 1855.
AUFRECHT, ouf'rĕKt, Theodor (1822—). A German philologist and Sanskrit scholar. He was born at Leschnitz and was educated at the
