poet and novelist, born near Versailles. He com- mended himself to the favor of Napoleon by the publication of the flattering allegory Viw mati- nee de Charlemagne (1810), for which he was re- warded with offices at court. Under Louis XVIII. he was appointed mattre-dcs-requetes, but after the Hundred Days was obliged to re- sign. He wrote several novels, inchiding Le solitaire (1821), Le rinegat (1822), and L'etrangere (182.5), of which the first named was extensively read and many times translated. His tragedy Le siege de Paris, plaved at the Theatre Frangais. in 1827, was greeted with out- bursts of derisive laughter.
ARLINGTON, A residential town of Mid- dlesex County, Mass., on the Boston and Maine Railroad, six miles northwest of Boston. Market- gardening, ice-cutting, and ice-tool manufactur- ing are leading industries (Map: Massachusetts, E 3). Arlington has a fine [jublic library, and its water supply is furnished under the metro- politan system. Town meetings are held in March and November and at special times on all matters of appropriations. Settled about 1650, Arlington was separated from Cambridge and incorporated as West Cambridge in 1807, and re- ceived its present name in 1867. Population, in 1890, 5620; in 1000, 8603. Consult Cutter, Bis- tort/ of the Tou-n. of Arlington (Boston, 1880).
ARLINGTON. A village in Alexandria County, Va., opposite Washington, D. C It was formerly the home of Eobert E. Lee, but his property was seized by the Government during the Civil War, and is now the site of a national cemetery, in which some of the most prominent officers of the United States army are buried. The cemetery is one of the largest and most beautiful in the United States. There are 18,151 graves, 4008 of which contain unknown dead. The old Lee mansion, with its stately portico, is one of the finest snecimens of Colonial archi- tecture. Population ("district), in 1800, 2013; in 1900, 3200.
ARLINGTON, Henry Bennet, Earl of (1618-85). An English politician, member of the famous "Cabal" ministry. He was born at Arlington, and studied at Christ Church, Ox- ford. At the outbreak of the Civil War he joined the Royalists, but subsequently left Eng- land, and in 1654 was appointed secretary to James Stuart. In 1658 he was sent as royal agent to Madrid, and in 1062 was appointed secretary of state, in which post, notwithstanding his igno- rance of English law, his knowledge of foreign affairs made him extremely influential.
ARLON, ar'loN' (anciently, Lat. Oro/nunwrn). The capital of the Belgian Province of Luxem- burg, situated sixteen and one-half miles, by rail, northwest of Luxemburg, on an elevated plateau of the Ardennes (Map: Belgium, D 5). It contains a museum with a collection of Roman antiquities found in the neighborhood. The town has frequently suffered the ravages of war. and was occupied by the French from 1684 to 1607. It came into the possession of Belgium in 1831. Population, in 1800, 7097.
ARLT, Ferdinand, Ritter von (1812-87). An Austrian oculist, born near Teplitz. He studied medicine at Prague and was professor of diseases of the eye there from 1849 to 1856, when he was appointed to a similar chair at the ITni- versity of Vienna. Arlt was the author of a number of works on the eye and its diseases, in- cluding Die P/lege der Atigen im gesunden und l-ranlx-en Zustande (Prague, 1846, and subse- quent editions) ; Ueber die Ursaehen und die Entstehung der Kurtsiclitigkeit (Vienna, 1876), a number of memoirs in the Archiv fiir Ophtlialmologie, of which he was one of the editors, etc. His best-known work is Die Krank- heiten des Auges fiir praktisc-he Aerate geschildert (ed. 1, 3 vols., Prague, 1851-56), which passed through several editions. Consult his autobi- ography (Wiesbaden, 1887).
ARM (Lat. neut. plur. arma, arms, weapons). A weapon of any kind; also used to designate a branch of the military service; as, the cavalry arm, the infantry arm, etc. It has, in addition, a wide application in naval and military termin- ology to express the end. or branch, of any- thing, particularly of articles or objects that have two similar ends, as yard arms, axle-tree arms (gun carriage), anchor arms, etc. See Artillery: Ordnance; Small Arms; Swoeds, and other weapons.
ARM (Ger., Dan., Swed., and Dutch arm, A. S. earm, Icel. annr, Goth, arms, Lat. nrmus, the shoulder, Gk. dpfi6c, harmos, shoulder-joint, all from the Indo-European root ar, to fit, join). The upper extremity of the human body. It consists of two portions — the arm, strictly so called, and the forearm ; the former having one bone, the humerus, which moves freely by a globular head upon the scapula, forming the shoulder- joint; and the latter having two bones, the radius and ulna, which move on the lower end of the himierus, forming the elbow-joint, and below, with the carpus, forming the wrist. The humerus is attached by a loose capsular ligament to the scapula, allowing great freedom of motion, and were it not for the muscles would be frequently dislocated, but it is sup- ported by muscles on all sides except underneath or opposite the armpit, in which direction the head of the bone is often driven by violence. The roundness of the shoulder is due to the head of the hmnerus, so that anj' displacement is ac- companied by a flattening, which at once sug- gests the nature of the accident. On the shoul- der there is a large triangular muscle, the deltoid, which lifts the arm from the side. At the back is the tricejjs, which extends the fore- arm; in front are two muscles which flex or bend it — the biceps and the brachialis anticus; and on each side below are muscles passing to the forearm and hand ; while above the great muscle of the back (latissimus dorsi) and that of the chest (the pectoralis major) are inserted on each side of a groove, wherein lies one of the tendons of the biceps (q.v. ). The motions of the ulna are flexion or bending effected by the biceps, and extension or straightening by the brachialis anticus and the triceps, its projections being received in these movements into corresponding depressions on the humerus. The movements of the hand are principally due to the radius, the head of which rolls upon the ulna, thereby turning the palm do iward (pronation), or restoring the palm upward Supination), these movements being efTected by muscles, two for each movement, which, taking their fixed points from the humerus and ulna, pull the radius round on the latter. The elbow-joint is ginglymoid or hinge-like, and therefore has strong lateral ligaments; but it is often liable
