Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/530

largely to Charles Godfrey, born 1790, who in 1813 joined the band of the Coldstream Guards as a bassoon-player, became bandmaster, and re- mained such until his death in 1863. In the United States, Patrick Sarsfield Gilniore, bom December 25, 1829, was the moving spirit. His first band was organized in Boston, 1859, but shortly afterwards he became a bandmaster in the Federal Army, ser'ing throughout the Civil War. He was world-famous for the novel effects he produced in militar}' music, on occasions using musketry and artillery guns to increase his musical effects. Bands in the United States Arm}' are recruited generally for that specific purpose, the members being enlisted men, and usually consist of 28 men, all ranks. (For pay of same, see article Pay and Allowances.) Instruments are supplied by the Quartermaster's Department.

In England bandmasters are specially trained at Kneller Hall, and on appointment receive warrant rank, with pay at 5 shillings per day, and £70 per annum from the band fund. The men are generally recruited as boys, from 14 to 16 years of age, usually from military institu- tions, schools, and training-ships. The official establishment of British Army bands is 31 all told for infantry, and 23 for cavalry; but with- out exception this number is greatly increased at the personal expense of the officers of the regiments, who pay for all extra men, music, and instruments. A thoroughly trained, fully equipped, niunerically strong band is often a point of regimental rivalry, and while it has succeeded in endowing the British Army with the best bands in Europe on an average, it has been done only at the expense of officers, already financially overtaxed. The following bands are considered among the leading military bands of Europe: The Royal Artillery, Royal Marine, and Guards Band, of England; the Kaiser-Franz Grenadier Band, of Germany; the Guides' Band, of Belgium; the Garde Re- publicaine Band, of France; the Imperial Guards' Band, of Austria; the Ottoman Palace Band, of Turkey: the Bersaglieri Band, of Italy; the Czar's Regiment of Guards' Band, of Rus- sia.

For fuller details the reader is referred to United States Arnii/ Regulations for composi- tion and equipment of United States Army bands; Grove, Dictionury of Mtisic (London, 1894), for biographies of military music com- posers and bandmasters; and the article "Mili- tiirmusik," by Rode, in the Musikalisches Con- rersotions-Lexicon (Berlin, 1877).

BAN'DAGE (Fr., from lande, a, strip, of. Band). A strip of woven material used by surgeons to apply pressure on a part, or to re- tain dressings upon wounds. The most common bandage is a strip of linen, ilannel, muslin, or cheese-cloth, from 1 to 5 or more inches in l)readth and 10 yards long, rolled longitudinally: the roller bandage. It is applied to a limb in a spiral, each turn overlai)ping the preceding about one-third of its widtli and adjusted to tapering or enlarging parts of the limb by re- versing the bandage, or turning it back upon itself. It must be applied smoothly, so as to exert even pressure. There are also bandages to suit special purposes, as the four-tailed for the head or knee, which consists of a piece of cloth split up on each side toward and nearly

BANDAGES APPLIED.

Rollpr Bandages: 1, e.ve: 2, finger, wrist and forearm*. 3, groin; 4, knee-cap; 5, foot and anltle. Triaugnlar Bandages : ti and 7, slioiilder ; 8, upper-arm . 9. hand ; 10, leg.

to the centre. When applied, the tails are crossed and tied so as to make an extemporaneous nightcap. In the packets supplied to soldiers of the German Army, and to members of an ambulance corps, as well as to members of 'first aid to the injiyed' societies, are large hand- kerchiefs, to be used as triangular bandages, slings, or, when folded, short roller bandages. Roller bandages of crinoline, rubbed full of fresh plaster of paris, are used in making ])laster splints in case of fracture, etc. They are thor- oughly wet first and then applied rapidly.

BANDAI-SAN, ban'dl-siin' (Jap., Bandai mountain). A volcano of .Japan, situated near the centre of the island of Nippon (Jlap: Japan, F 5 ) . It consists of a number of peaks, none of which exceed a height of 0000 feet, situated around an elevated plain, on the northern side of Lake Inawashiro. The last eruption of the vol- cano occurred on July 15, 1888, when a tremen- dous mass of earth and rock was thrown out by the explosion of one of the craters, Ko-Bandai- san, and rolled down the mountain slopes into the Nagase Valley, devastating an area of over 27 square miles and destroying 461 people.

BANDA (biin'da) ISLANDS. A group of 10 or 12 small islands in the Dutch East Indies, a dependency of the Moluccas (q.v. ) (Map: Australasia, E 3). The two largest islands are Banda Neira and Banda Lontar. the former the seat of the Resident. Gunong Api is the highest island with an active volcano over 2200 feet above the sea, and constantly emitting smoke. Oidy a few of the islands are inhabited. Their total area is about 17 square miles, and the main products are nutmeg and mace. The capital is