Bancln, on Banda Xuira. It is well fortified, and has a good iiarbor. The popuhition of the inlands is about SOOO, of which about TiOO are Europeans. The Banda Islands were discovered in 1512 by the Portuguese, who were dispos- sessed by the Dutch in the Seventeenth Century Since then they have shared the fate of the rest of the Molucca Islands (q.v.). Consult: War- burg, i'"! Beitnuj zur Kulturgeschichte der Bundn-Iiiscln (Leipzig, 1897).
BANDAN'A (Hind. bOiidhiia, from the dye-
in" of wares with those parts tied Ibuiulh, cord,
ti(s band] that are to remain imdyed ) . A printed
handkerchief of Indian origin, now extensively
made in America, usually of cotton. The cloth
is first dyed Turlcey-red, and then the pattern is
made by" discharging the color with bleaching
li(|Uor in a hydraulic press. The pattern to be
discharged is cut out on two plates of some
metal, such as lead, which is not acted on by the
liquor, the plates being the full size of the hand-
kerchief. A dozen or more handkerchiefs are
put in at once between the plates, and so many
of these courses are entered together as will fill
the press. Then the pressure is applied, and the
liquor is run in on the upiJerniost plate, which
is grooved on the iipjier side to receive it, and
holed to pass it from plate to plate through all
the cloth-folds in the press. The pressure on the
cloth to make clean work by preventing the
spreading of the liquor is enormous. The pat-
terns in the real bandana style of printing are
spots and diamond prints, the best suited for
discharging, and even for these a pressure of .500
tons is required to work them clean.
BANDA ORIENTAL, biin'da O're-en-tiil'
( Sp., eastern shore ) . A name formerly used to
designate the South American country of Uru-
guay.
BANDEL, biin'del, Eenst VON (1800-7G). A
German sculptor. He was born at Ansbach, and
made his artistic studies at the JIunich Acad-
emy. .fter some jears in Nuremberg and
Rome, he returned to ilunich, where he made
portrait busts. In 1834 he went to Hanover,
and undertook, among other larger works, the
colossal statue of the German hero Hermann or
Arminius at Detmold, to which he devoted the
best years of his life and a large part of his own
resources. In 1871 the Imperial Government
contributed 10,000 thalers to the work, and the
statue was unveiled in 1875, the sculptor receiv-
ing a pension of 12,000 marks in recognition of
his devoted services. For his life, consult
Schmidt (Hanover, 1892).
BANDELIER, ban'de-ler', Adolph Francis
Alphon.se (18-10 — ). An American archaeolo-
gist, born at Bern, Switzerland. He came to the
United States, traveled under the direction of
the Archaeological Institute of America in New
Slexico, Mexico, Arizona, and Central America,
and went in 1892 to Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador,
under commission of Henry Villard. For several
years he continued researches in the last-named
countries in behalf of the American Museum of
Natural History in New York City, whose im-
portant collection of Bolivian and Peruvian an-
tiquities he made. He has published several
works, including The Art of B'nc and Mode of
M'urfare (1877); Archwolor/ical Reconnaisance
in Mexico (1881); Fiiml Report of Investiga-
tions Among the Indians of the Houlhiccstern
United States, ISSO-So (1890-92); The Gilded
Man {El Dorado) and Other Pictures of the
Spanish Occupancy of America (1893).
BANDELLO, ban-del'A, Matteo ( 1480-C.1562) .
Next to Boccaccio, the most widely known of all
the Italian writers of novclli, or tales. He was
born at Castelnuovo in Piedmont, educated at
a convent in Milan, and in earl}' life became a
Dominican monk, but for many 3'ears resided at
Mantua as tutor of the celebrated Lucrezia Gon-
zaga, in whose honor he composed a poem in
eleven cantos. The decisive battle of Pavia, in
1525, which gave Lombardy into the hands of
the Emperor, forced Bandello to escape to
France: and here, in 1550, he was made Bishop
of Agen by Henry II. He was still living in
1501. Bandello's principal work is his collection
of 214 noveUi, 3 volumes of which appeared in
1554, and the fourth after his death, in 1573.
These tales belong to the type made familiar
by the still more famous collections of the De-
cameron and the Heptameron, and, like the lat-
ter, have their origin for the most part in the
fabliaux of the French trouveurs. They have
been justly praised as a true mirror of their age,
reflecting contemporary social life with a fidelity
for which we may look in vain in the serious
historians. Settembrini, who is none too favor-
able toward writers of this period, ranks Ban-
dello next to Boccaccio, among Italian novelists,
and praises him especially for his easy, con-
versational style and freedom from rhetorical
afl'ectation. He has been utilized successively
as a source of inspiration by Shakespeare, Lope
de Vega, Massinger, and Byron. The best edi-
tion of his works is that of Poggiali ( 9 vols.,
London, 1791-93).
BANDE NOIRE, btiNd nwiir (Fr., black
band). The name given in France after 1815
to those speculators who had bought up, at
ridiculously low prices and in depreciated cur-
rency, the lands and houses confiscated from the
Church and the emigres during the Revolution.
The opprobrious name was fixed on them on ac-
count of their vandalism in the destruction of
magnificent works of art, churches, convents,
and chateaus for the sake of the building ma-
terial. It has, however, been alleged, on the
btlier hand, that these men did considerable ser-
vice to the community in removing old and use-
less edifices, and that their minute subdivisions,
into lots, of the old territorial domains has
favored agriculture and ameliorated the condi-
tion of the people. Consult Lavergne, Economic
ruralc dc la France (Paris, 1877).
BAN'DEROLE (Fr., It. bandcruola, a little
banner, dimin. of bandicra, banner). A small
streamer fixed immediately under the crook, on
the top of the staff of a crozier, and folding over
the staff. Also an architectural term for the flat
inscribed band used in the Renaissance buildings,
similar to those now used for mottoes on coats-
of-arms.
BANDETTINI, ban'det-te'ne, Teresa (1763-
1837), called also Amarilli Etrusca. An Italian poet, bom at Lucca. She first became a danseuse, but afterwards won great celebrity as an improvisatrice. She also wrote poems and plays. Because of her virtue and amiability, as well as her accomplishments, she was much honored throughout Italy, and was crowned with
laurel at Rome, in 1794. Monti and Alfier'
