BARBOUR, bar'ber. Erwin Hinckley. An American geologist. He was born near Oxford, Ohio and was educated at Miami University and at Yale. He was assistant paleontologist to the United States Geological Survey from 1882 to 1888 and Stone professor of natural history and geology at Iowa College from 1889 to 1891. He became curator of the Nebraska State Museum of Agriculture in 1892, and geologist of the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture in 1893.
BARBOUR, James (1775-1842). An American politician. He was a member of the Virginia Legislature from 1796 to 1812; was Governor of the State for two terms, and was a member of the United States Senate from 1815 to 1825, when he became Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President J. Q. Adams. He was appointed Minister to England in 1828, but was recalled by Jackson in the following year. He presented a bill to establish a United States Bank, was author of the anti-dueling act of Virginia, and presided over the national convention that nominated Harrison and Tyler.
BARBOUR, John (c. 1316-c. 1395). The first
of the early Scottish poets, regarding whom
history has not much to record beyond the pro-
duction of the national epic, entitled The Brus,
the subject of which is Robert Bruce. The as-
certained facts of Barbour's life may thus be
summarized: Born about 1316, he was Arch-
deacon of Aberdeen in 1357, and held that office
till his death; in 1357 he traveled into England,
accompanied by three scholars, on a visit to Ox-
ford; in 1365 he obtained a passport "to travel
through England with six companions on horse-
back toward Saint Denis and other sacred
places;" in 1368 he again received permission to
travel through England with two servants and
two horses, on his way for scholarly purposes to
France; in 1373 he was clerk of audit of the
household of King Robert II., and one of the
auditors of exchequer; in 1375 his great poem
was more than half finished; in 1377 he had a
gratuity of £10 from King Robert II.; m 1378
he received from the same prince a perpetual
annuity of 20s., which in 1380 he bequeathed to
the Dean and Chapter of Aberdeen, under the
condition that they should sing a yearly mass
for the repose of his soul; in 1381 he had a gift
from the Crown of the wardship of a minor,
whose estate lav within the parish of which he
was rector; in 1383, and again in 1385, he was
one of the auditors of exchequer; in 1388 King
Robert II. granted him a pension of £10 a year;
and he died probably on March 13, 1395. Be-
sides The Brus, two other poems have, with
reasonable certainty, been assigned to Barbour:
The Legends of the Saints, and a poem on the
Trojan War, of which only fragments remain.
The Brus is distinguished by great purity and
clearness of style, the language and versification
contrasting advantageously with those of any
contemporary English poet except Chaucer.
Barbour's imagery is not rich, but he is seldom
other than lively, simple, and energetic. He
has depicted, in rough but faithful outline, the
life, manners, and deeds of a truly heroic time,
and given to his country the first poem in her
literature, and the earliest history of her best
and greatest king. Consult: The Brus, ed. by
Skeat for Early English Text Society (London,
1870-89), and for the Scottish Text Society (Edin-
burgh, 1894); Legends of the Saints, ed. by
Metcalfe for Scottish Text Society (Edinburgh, 1896); and Horstmann, Barbour's Legendensammlung, nebst den Fragmenten seines Trojanenkrieges (Heilbronn, 1881-82).
BARBOUR, Oliver Lorenzo (1811-89). An American lawyer and legal writer. He was born at Cambridge, N. Y., studied law, was in 1832 admitted to the bar, and was reporter of the New York Court of Chancery in 1847-49. From 1848 to 1876 he was reporter of the State Supreme Court. He published Equity Digests (1836-41), Treatise on the Practice of the Court of Chancery (1843), and many other works.
BARBOUR, Philip Pendleton (1783-1841). An American jurist. He was born in Virginia, and studied law at William and Mary College. From 1812 to 1814 he was a member of the State Legislature, from 1814-21 was in Congress, and later was a judge of the Virginia General Court. Again, from 1827 to 1830, he was in Congress, and from 1836 until his death was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was a strong Southern partisan on the Missouri Question.
BAR'BOURSVILLE. A town and county-seat of Knox County, Ky., 185 miles southeast of Louisville; on the Cumberland River, and on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (Map: Kentucky, H 4). The principal industries are agriculture, coal-mining, and lumbering; there are several saw and grist mills. Oil-wells of considerable promise have been drilled, and the country is developing rapidly. Population, in 1890, 1162; in 1900, 1010.
BARBOURSVILLE. A town in Cabell County, W. Va., 8 miles west of Huntington, the county-seat; on the Guyandotte River and on the Chesapeake and Ohio and the Guyandotte Valley railroads. It is the seat of Barboursville College (Methodist Episcopal, South) opened in 1888. and is of historic interest as the scene of a conflict in the Civil War, July, 1861, which terminated in a Federal victory. Settled in 1830, Barboursville was incorporated in 1867, and formerly was the county-seat. Population, in 1900, 429.
BAR'BOX BROTH'ERS. A short story, by Charles Dickens in All the Year Round (1866). There is a second part entitled Barbox Brothers & Co.
BARBOZA. See Caldas-Barbosa.
BARBUDA, biir-bno'da
(Portug., island of bearded men). One of the Leeward Islands in the British West Indies, situated 20 miles north of Antigua (q.v.), of which it is a dependency (Map: West Indies, R 6). The island, of coral formation, has an area of 62 square miles, with a generally level surface, which is, to some extent, covered with forests. The main occupation of the inhabitants is cattle-raising. Barbuda has a population of about 600, mostly colored.
BARBUDO, biir-boo'd.'., or BARBU, bar-bOo'.
Names given to the thread-fins of the genus Polydactylus, small fishes of the warmer American seas allied to the sand launce. The commonest species (Polydactylus virginicus) is a food-fish of some importance in the West Indies and is illustrated on the Plate of Mullets and Allies.
BAR'BY. A town in the Province of Saxony, Prussia, on the left bank of the Elbe, near the
