GRAFTON. 105 GBAGNANO. GRAFTON. A town, incliuiing several vil- lages, in Worcester County, Mass., six miles southeast of Worcester; on the Boston and Al- bany and the New York, New Haven and Hart- ford railroads (Map: Massachusetts, D 3). It has a public library, and manufactures cotton goods, shoes, emery, "thread, and boxes. A settle- ment of 'praving' Indians" was established here in 161)0 by .John Eliot; in 1728 white settlers came; and in 1735 the town of Grafton w^as incorporated. The government is administered by annual town meetings. Population, in 1890, 5002: in 1900, -1869. Consult Pierce, History of Grafton (Worcester, 1879). GRAFTON. A eit,y and the county-seat of Walsh County, N. D.." 40 miles north by west of Grand Forks; on the Park River, and on the Northern Pacific and the Great Northern rail- roads (ilap: North Dakota, HI). The centre of a productive wheat region, it ha.s several grain- elevators, flour-mills, a creamery, machine-shops, etc. The State Institute for the" Feeble-Minded is here. Population, in 1890. 1594; in 1900, 2378. GRAFTON. A city and the county-seat of Taylor County. W. Va"., 100 miles southeast of Wheeling: on the Tygart Valley River, and on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (:Iap: West Virginia, E 2). There is a national cemetery here with 1261 graves, 620 of unknown dead; and the State Reform School is four miles to the west, at Pruntytown. The city is an impor- tant railroad town, the terminus of four divisions of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and has railroad machine-shops, flour and planing mills, cigar - factories, a wooden - pump factory, and wholesale grocery and drug bouses. Grafton dates from 1854. its origin being due to its establishment as a railroad centre; it was first incorporated in 1856, and in 1899 received a city charter. The government is vested in a mayor, annually elected, and a city council. There are municipal water-works and an electric- light plant. Population, in 1890, 3159; in 1900, 5650. GRAFTON, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of (1735-1811). An English statesman. He was educated at Westminster School and. under Stone- hewer. Gray's friend, at Peterhouse, Cambridge. In 1756 he was elected to Parliament, and in the following year succeeded his grandfather as Duke, and was made Lord Lieutenant of Suft'olk. Seven years later Bute dismissed him from his post, and Grafton, allying himself with Lord Temple, at- tacked Bute sharply. In 1765 he was made Sec- retary of State for the Northern Department, under Rockingham ; but retired in the following year, and forced the resignation of his colleagues, and the formation of a new ilinistry under Pitt, in which Grafton became head of the Treasury. But Pitt retired in 1708. and Grafton became actual head, where he had been first onl.v in name. In 1770 he resigned, urged by a differ- ence with his old friend Pitt. A year later he became Lord Priy Seal in North's Cabinet in the hope, if we are to believe his own account, of bringing the quarrel with the Colonies to a peaceable end. He retired from this office in 1775 to enter it asain in 1782, but left public life on the downfall of the Rockingham Ministry in 1783. He was estranged from orthodox be- liefs; became a LInitarian, and wrote: Hints Suhmitted to the 8crioiis Attention of the Clergy { 1780) , and The Serious Reflections of a Rational Christian from IISS to 11'<J7 (1797). He refused the degree of LL.D. from Cambridge, because it entailed subscription to the Thirt.y-nine Articles. His Memoirs have not been printed entire; e.- cerpts are included in Canipi)eirs Lives of the Chancellors, Stanhope's History, and Walpole's ilcinoirs of George III. GRAFTON, Henry Fitzkoy, Duke of (1663- 90). An English sailor, second son of Charles II. and Lad,v Castlemaine. At the age of nine he was married to Isabella Bennett, five ,vears old, and the heiress of the Earldom of Arlington. In the same year he was made Earl of Euston, and three .years aftenvards became Duke of Grafton. He entered the na%y in 1680; was captain of the Grafton in 1683; and campaigned with the French at the siege of Luxemburg. He was Lord High Constable at the coronation of James; served against Slonmouth ; and escorted D'Adda, the Papal nuncio, on his entry to London ; but later grew disaffected toward his uncle, and was suspected of conspiring with Churchill (the future Duke of Marlborough) against him. He joined William at Axminster, and was one of the first to take the oath of allegiance to him. Subsequently he took service with Churchill in Ireland, and was killed while leading the attack en Cork. He was a typical sailor, and was greatlv loved and lamented. He was suc- ceeded by his son Charles (1083-1757). GRAFTON, Richard (c.1.500-c. 1.572). An Eng- lish printer and chronicler. With Edward White- church, Grafton had a revision of Coverdale'a Bible, under the editorship of Thomas Matthews, printed, probably at Antwerp, in 1537, and again in 1538 at Paris. The latter is the first book with Grafton's name. He was connected with Whitechurch in the printing of the Great Bible in France and in England (1539 and 1540), and of a New Testament in English from Erasmus's Greek text (1540). Two years later The Order of the Great Tnrcke's Court and Erasmus's Apophthegms appeared from Grafton's press; in 1544 he received a patent for printing liturgies, in 1545 a monopoly for printing Latin and Eng- lish primers; and became printer to Prince Edward both before and after his accession, print- ing the first edition of the Book of Common Prayer (1549). Printer for Lady .Jane Gre,v. he lost office under Queen Marv, but sat in Parlia- ment in 1553, 1556, and 1502. As a chronicler, he first revised and printed Hardyng's Chronicle (1543) ; lateT (1548) he printed 'Hall's Union of the Two Noble and Illustrious Families of Lan- castre and Yorke ; and after he had retired from business wrote an Abridgement of the Chronicles of England (1562), and Chronicle at large and meere Historye of the Affaires of Englande (1508). GRAGAS, gra'giis (Iccl.. gray goose). A name given to several private collections of Ice- landic law and legend tnider the Commonwealth, and suggested by the similar epithet, Gullfjodhr (gold-feather), applied to the old Norwegian code. The Grogas are principally made up of the Konungsbok and the Htadharholsbok. the first of which has been ascribed to the eleventh century historian Aii. GRAGNANO, gr.a-nyii'no. A city in the Prov- ince of Naples. Ital.v. three miles inland from Castellamare (Map;" Italy, J 7). It is well
