GUERIN-MENEVILLE. 34:3 GXTERRAZZI. born at Toulon. A pupil of Cuvier, Gcoffroy Saint-Hilaire, and Latieille, he became professor of entomology in the College of France in 1850, and ■ttas specially famed for his scientific investiga- tions into the proper methods for raising silk- worms. He wrote largelj- upon the subject for the different societies to which he belonged, and ]iulilislied. besides: Iconogrnphie du rrgnr iinimul (Ic Cuvier (1829); Genera des insecies (1835); (liiide de VHercur dc vers d soie (1850) ; I'ro- duriiun de la soie, situation, maladies et amelio- ration des 7-aces du rer d soie (1857) ; and Soles sur Ics edueaiions pour grainc qu'il conviendrait de faire pour attcuurr les desastreux effcts de Vfpizootie des vers a soie (1857). GUERNSEY, gern'zl. The second in size of the Channel Islands (q.v.), distant 69 miles southeast from Start Point, Devonshire — the nearest point of the English coast, and about 40 miles southwest of Cherbourg, in France (Map: France. D 2). Its length is nine miles, its greatest breadth about five, and its circumference 31 miles. The northern part of the island is flat, the southern more elevated, intersected by deep valleys and glens, and with a loftv, picturesque coast. Saint Peter Port and Saint Sampson, con- nected by the first-built English electric trolley line, are the chief towns. Saint Sampson is an important quarrying centre for blue granite. There is a United States consular agencv on the inland. Population, in 1801, 35,289; in 1901, ■10,477. GUERNSEY, Eghert (1823—). An Ameri- can honu'Opatliic physician, born at Litchfield. Conn. He entered Yale College in 1842. but came to Xew York and graduated in medicine from New York University in 184G. He then be- gan practice in Williamsburg (now a part of New York City), and was soon appointed city physician. In 1848 he started the Brooklyn Daily Times, and was for two years its editor- in-chief. The teaching of Hahnemann was then exciting great interest in this country, and Guernsey became a convert tn, and prominent exponent of, the homeopathic system of prac- tice. He began to practice in New Y'ork City in 18,50. and was identified with the New York Homeopathic Jledical College, as professor, first ■of materia niedica. and then of practice. His book on Domestie Praetiec (1855) has passed through several editions, and was translated into French, Spanisli.and Danish. In 1852 he edited, with Dr. A. Gerald Hall, Jahr's Manual, and in 1872 he ■established and became the editor-in-chief of the New York iledieal Times. In 1870 he or- ganized the Western Dispensary, since united with the Hahnemann Hospital. In 1877, through his efforts, the inebriate asylum on Ward's Isl- and. New York City, was converted into a general hospital under the control of the Commissioner of Charities and Correction, and placed in the hands of the Homeopathic ^Medical School of Practice. Guernsey being its president. Besides the writings mentioned above. Guernsey was the author of an elementary history of the United States, which was used in public schools through- out the country. GUERNSEY CATTLE. See Cattle. GUERNSEY LILY. See Amaktllis. GUEROULT, gfi'rTK>'. Adolphe (1810-72). A French publicist, born at Radepont (Eure). He became known as an exponent of Saint-Simon- ist principles, and wrote articles on economic subjects for the Journal des Dtbats and other periodicals. Subseciucntly he was correspondent of the Debats in Italy, in 1842 was appointed French consul at ilazatlan, ile.ico, and in 1847 at Jassy, Rumania. He was variously active as a journalist in Paris from 1848 to 1857, when he became editor-in-chief of La Presse. In 1859 he founded L'Opiniun Xationule. which under his direction attained consjiicuous inlluence as the advocate of democratic measures under Imperial rule. From 1803 to 1870 he was a mend^-r of the Corps LC'gislatif, in which he acted with the Left Centre, or democratic opjiosition. After September 4, 1870, he declared for the Republic. His publications include: theLettres sur I'Esjiagne (1838), originally contributed as a series to the Debats during a residence in Spain; De la ques- tion, eoloniale (1842) ; Etudes de politique et de pliilosophie religicuse (1802) ; La politique de la Prusse (1800); Discours jiroiiouccs an, Corps Icq'slatif (1800) ; and La Kepublique en France (1871). GUERRARA, gar-rJi'ra. A town of Algeria, in the District of the Beni-ilzab. about 40 miles northeast of Ghardaia (jMap: Africa, El). It is a commercial meeting-place for the neighboring tribes, and has a large trade in live stock and in manufactured products imported from foreign countries. The population is estimated at 4000 to 5000. GUERRAZZI, gwer-rat'se, Francesco Do- MEMco (1804-73). An Italian statesman and writer, born at Leghorn, and educated for the legal profession. In 1829 Guerrazzi was asso- ciated with Mazzini and Bini in the establish- ment of the Indicator Lirornese, a short-lived liberal organ. A little later came his Elogio di Cosimo del Fante, and as a result of the liberal opinions enunciated in this treatise he was sent to Montepulciano. There he wrote La serpicina, a little essay delightful in style, intended to prove the paradox that man is in every way inferior to the brutes. He was imprisoned in 1831, and again in 1834, when he was taken to Portoferraio. At this place he employed his time in writing his Assedio di Firen.7e, an historical novel, replete with patriotic fervor, which was published at Paris in 1S30, and was a favorite with the young- er generation during the events prior to 1848. In January of this last year he was again incar- cerated for a few months. On the eve of the definite breach between the people and the Grand Duke of Tuscany, in 1849, Gueri-azzi was induced to accept ofiice in the Jlinistry. On the flight of the Grand Duke he was proclaimed member of the Provisional Government, and subsequently Dictator. During this crisis of the State he pre- served the strict autonomy of Tuscany until the return of the grand ducal rule, when he was im- mediately seized and imprisoned on the ground of having neglected due measures of repression when the revolution first gathered strength dur- ing his Ministry. His defense, entitled Apologia dclUi vita politico di F. D. Guerra!:zi, published at Florence (1852), is a masterjiiece. After an im])risonnient of three years, he was condemned to the' galleys, but was subsequently permitted to select Corsica as the refuge of his perpetual banishment. Restored to liberty and acticm by later events. Guerrazzi sat in tlic Parliament of Turin in 1862 and 1805. Guerrazzi's vocabulary
