GITEBBAZZI. 344 GTJEKBINI. is of the purest Italian, but his style is often most bitterly intemperate — Byronic in its impul- sixeness, not infrequently bombastic, and oc- casionally even blasphemous. Some of the novels of Guerrazzi are: La battaglia di Bene- vento, his first important production, and one of the most praiseworthy for its narrative style, not so much marred by defects here as elsewhere ; Veronica Cybo; Isabella Orsini (1844) ; Marehese di Santa Prassede (1853); Beatrice Cenci (1854); La torre di Nonza (1857); Storia di an moscone (1838); Pasquale Paoli (1860), a work excellent in both tone and treatment, and dealing with the fall of Corsica. The later novels, like the Asscdio di Roma (1864), showed a remarkable decline in power on the part of Guerrazzi. Conspicuous among his other writ- ings are the Scritti, published at Florence (1847), containing the mordant satire, / nuovi Tarlufi; the Discorso al principe e at popolo (1847), in which he demanded a constitution for the countrj'; the Asino (1857), with a sub- ject like that of iierpieina ; and the Yita di Andrea Doria (1863). In 1844 he collected and published, at Florence, four Orazioni funehri d'ilhislri Ilaliani, and in 1848 he printed his Memorie. Consult: The editions of Guerrazzi's Lettere, by Carducci (Leghorn, 1880-83), and by JIartini (Turin, 1891); Bosio, Opere, Vita di Francesco Domenico Ouerrazzi (Milan, 1877) ; Visniara, Bibliofjrafia di Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi (Jlilan, 1880) ; Fenini, Francesco Do- menico Guerrazzi, studi critici (Milan, 1873). GXTEEBERO, ga-ra'r6. One of the Pacific States of Mexico, bounded by the States of Michoacan, Morelos, Mexico, and Puebla on the north, Oaxaca on the east, and the Pacific on the southwest. Its area is 24,996 square miles (Map: Mexico, J 9). With the exception of the coastal zone, about twenty miles wide, where the land rises gently, the surface is rough and mountain- ous. The Sierra Madre del Sur, rising to an alti- tude of over 9000 feet, traverses the whole lengtli of the State parallel with the coast. It sends out numerous lateral spurs, inclosing narrow valleys through whieh small streams run south into the Pacific and north into the Rio de las Balsas, also called Rio Mexcala, the only large river of Guer- rero. Its valley, separating the Sierra Madre del Sur from the main range of the vSierras, occupies the northern half of the State. The climate is very hot and unhealthful in the eoastlands, where fe- vers and leprosy prevail to a great extent; but the uplands enjoy a temperate, dry, and healthful climate. There is an extensive region of agri- cultural land, but its cultivation is greatly im- peded by the sparseness of population. The chief agricultural products are cereals, fruits, tobacco, coffee, cacao, vanilla, and cotton. The mineral deposits are believed to be extensive, but thus far relatively little has been done toward their ex- ploitation, although considerable quantities of silver have been mined. There is direct steam- ship communication between the port of Acapulco and foreign countries. Tlie Interoceanic Rail- road, which is to connect Acapulco with Vera Cruz, is still in course of construction, and has been completed as far as Chilpancingo. The population in 1900 was 475,594, largely aborigi- nal Indians. The largest city is Chilapa, with a population of 12.000; the capital is Cliilpan- cingo, a small town in the centre of the State, situated about 200 miles from the City of Mexico, and about 110 uciles from the coast. It is well built and liglitcd by electricity, and had in 1895 a population of 6321. GUERREEO, Vicente ( 1782-1831 ) . A Mexi- can revolutionary leader. He was born at Tixtla, and spent his youth upon a farm. In October, 1810, he joined the Revolutionary army under Morelos, and distinguished himself by his energy and valor. In 1818, when all opposition to the Spanish power seemed extinct, he won two victo- ries over the Viceregal troops, and reorganized the republican movement. He became tlie recognized head of the Independents, and established himself in the south, but was induced by Iturbide, in Janu- ary, 1821, to join in the Plan de Iijualu. by which ISIexico was to become independent under a king of the Spanish royal family. Iturbide's assump- tion of the Imperial title alienated Guerrero, who became the leader of the opposition, and was in conirtiand at the battle of Almolonga, in January, 1823, in which he was severely wounded. When Iturbide left the country, Guerrero was made a member of the Executive Council of four, but his lack of education and his inexperience in politics prevented his exercising much in- fluence in the Government. From 1824 to 1828 he was Vice-President of the Republic. He was a candidate for the Presidency in 1828, and was defeated. Thereupon his partisans rose in revolt, and succeeded in forcing the legally elected can- didate (Pedraza) to leave the country. The Congress elected Guerrero to the vacant office (March, 1829). The most important measure of his administration was the decree abolishing slavery (September 15, 1829). The Spanish in- vasion of that year was repelled with ease, but the e,xtraordinary powers conferred upon the President afforded a pretense for the formation of a revolutionary coalition, tmder the veteran intriguer Bustaniente. Revolution broke out in December, and gained ground with great rapidity. Bustaniente assumed the office of President. Guerrero fled to the south, and with Acapulco for a base of o])erations kept up the defensive until January, 1831, when he was betrayed into the hands of his enemies by a Genoese shipping captain. He was shot on February 14, 1831, after a brief military trial. GtTEEBILIiAS, ger-rlllaz (Sp., predatory war, diminutive of guerra, war, from OHG. icerra, strife, confusion). Organizations of troops carrying on warfare independently, and operating principally against isolated detach- ments or convoys. They were originally parti- san armed bands of Spanish peasantry' who, fa- vored by local conditions and the terrain gener- ally, proved very effective against the French invasion which began in 1808. In the American Civil War the name was applied to various irreg- tilar bodies of Confederate troops. Similarly, the francs-tireurs (q.v. ) of the Franco-German War were practically guerrillas. The Spanish em- ployed some few guerrillas against the United States in Cuba in 1898. and the closing stages of the recent British-Boer War were devoted, on the Boer side, to guerrilla tactics, carried out by small bands of armed Boers. GUERRINI, gwer-re'ne, Olindo (pseudonym, Lorenzo Stecchetti) (1845 — ). An Italian poet and miscellaneous writer, born at Sant' Alberto (Province of Ravenna). He studied law at the
