HIRADO. llie Enfilish. From ItiO'J to Kill tlio Rnplisli, iiiul from ItJO'J to 1U40 tile Uiitcli had a trading htation here, the latter in lt>40 beiii;; trans- ferred to the little artilicial island of De^liinia at Xafiasaki. Consult The Uttini uf Jlichard Cochx. Haklurt Sooiety (London. 1S83). HI'RAM. or HXJBAM (perhaps an abbrevi- ation of Ahniiiii. brother of the llij;li One. or, Alii is exalted). (1) King of Tyre. He is reprc- sienti'd as David's friend and ally, and assisted him in the building of his palace by eontribu- tions of timber and labor (11. Sam. v. 11; I. Chron. xiv. 1). Upon Solomon's accession Hiram sent cedar and other timber and skilled workmen for the building of the tem- ple, in return for which Solomon paid a yearly tribute (I. Kings v. 1-12). The two kings remained constant friends, and Hiram sup- plied Solomon with a navy (I. Kings ix. 'iC-'iS; X. 22). Hirapi waged a successful war against Cyprus, and fortilied the island of Tyre. The question has been raised whether the same King of Tyre could have been the contemporary of both David and Solomon, both of whom had long reigns. If we assvnne, however, that David vm- dertook bis building operations during the latter part of his reign, there is no reasonable ground for doubt; though it is, of course, ]icissible that, for David's reign, we should substitute the name of Abiliaal. the father of Hiram. (2) According to I. Kings vil. l.'i. seq.. a Tyrian artificer who Was sent liy Hiram, the King of Tyre, to assist in the Imilding of Solomon's temple. HIRAM COLLEGE. An institution of learn- ing at Hiram. Ohio, founde.', in 18.50 as the Eclectic Institute. It lie<'an)e a college in 1870. and had in in02 30G students, of whom 102 were enrolled in the college. 135 in the preparatory department, GO in music, and in oratory. The library contains about fiOOO volumes. The value of the college property is $275,000; and the annual income $13,000. HIOIEN. A prostitute in Peele's play The Turkish Mnlinmet and Hircn, the Fair Oreek, and in William Barksteed's poem Ilireii, the Fair flrccl: (1011). The character became pro- verbial among Elizabethan dramatists. HIRING. A contract by which one employs, for a limited time, another's property or l.ibor J'or some consideration or reward. See B.ML- ME.NT; also such titles as Agext; Carrier, Com- mon'; Charter Party ; Lease: Master and Sebvaxt. Where the thing hired is land or houses, see Landlord and "Texaxt. HIBLAS HORN, The. A long. blue, silver- rimmcil drinking Imm. mentioned in a Wclsli poem of the samp name, written by Owain. Prince of Powys. in the twelfth century. Owain drains it to the health of his assembled chiefs on the night after a battle, as the exploits of each are rehearsed. HIRN, f'm. Gr.STAVE Adolphe (ISl.i-noi. A French physicist, born at Locelbach. near Col- mar. When he was nineteen he entered his grandfather's cotton factory as chemist ; after- wards he acted as engineer, and began his valua- ble researches on mechanics, and especially on calorics. He was made a member of the Frencli Academy of Science in 1SG7: in ISSO founded a meteorological observatory' near Colmar; and later devoted himself t<j astronomy. Him was educated in the shop, and his works are marked 98 HIRSCH. by much practical criticism of mere academic theory. They include: Thcorie nncuHiqiic <le la chaUiir (3d ed. 1875-76) ; .Inafi/sf (Iv I'liiiivera (18UU); .]l^moire sitr les anneuux de Salume (1872); LcK iiuiidyminwniilrcii (1870); Etude sur une classc /xii/icii/it'cc dc tuurbilloiis ( 1878) ; Jtcchcrches exiHriiiicntales sur lis relatioim entre la ri-sislancf dv I'air cl sa lemitcralurc ( 1882) ; La vie future ct la science moderne (1882) ; and Vonntituliou dc I'cspace cilvsic (188!)). EIROSAKI, hc'rA-sii'k^. A town of .Taiian, situalcil ill till' northern part of Nippon. 22 miles by r:iil from Asinori (Map: .Tapan, (i 3). It contains ruins of an old castle and a museum. The <liicf product is lacquered ware. Population, in l^<!ls. .■;i.771. HIROSHIMA, hv'r.'.she'nii'i. The capital of the Japanese Province of Aki and of the Prefec- ture of Hiroshima, situated at the southwestern end of Hondo, about three miles inland (Map: .Japan, C C). It lies in a licantiful region at the foot of a hill, and cont;iins a number of fine temples, a park, and teahouses. Opposite thi' city is .situiited the sacred island of Miyajima or Itsnkushima. with its celebrated Shinto tem- ple. Commercially. Hiroshima is considered the most important place west of Kobe, and forms the centre of the trade in lacquered ware., bronze, and other objects of art. Population, in 1898, 122,306. HIRPINI, hcr-pl'iit (from Sabine hirpus. wulf I. A |riciple of ancient Italy, who inhabiteil the southern portion of Samniiim. They have been considered by some aiilhorities as merely a Samnite tribe, while by others they are looked upon as an indcpcndiiit nation. The country they inhabited was the wilil and mountainous district traversed by the Sabatus. Calor. and Tamarus. tributaries of the Vultnrnus. and on the east side of the Apcnnine ridge by the upper course of the Anfidns. In the early history of Rome the Hirpini are found identifying themselves with their Samnite neighbors against their common foes. They seem to have been subdued in the early part of the third century n.c as in n.c. 208 Beneventum. the kev of nil their military positions, was colonized by Roman settlers. In the Second Punic War. revolting from their conquerors, they joined the Carthaginian in- vaders, and though they were unable to recapture their stronghold of Beneventum, they remained faithful to Hannibal till the defeat of Hasdnibal at the Metanrus restored the empire of Italy to his opponents. In the year of that event the Hir- pini made peace with their old masters by betray- ing into their hands the garrisons of their allies. From this time till the outbreak of the Social War. the Hirpini seem to have continued stead- fast in their allegiance. On that occasion, how- ever, they set the example of revolt to the allies, and might have become formidable enemies had not the rapid successes of Sulla induced them to repair their error by a complete submission. At the close of this war the Hirpini obtained the franchise, and do not again appear in history as an independent people. HIRSCH. h.irsh. At'orsT (I817-fl4). A C^r- inan physician, born at Danzig, where he prac- ticed after studying at Berlin and Leipzig. In rcciignifion of his studies on malarial fever and his work, flnndhuch dcr hi/stnrisch-fieo- yraphiachen Fathologie (2d ed. 1881-83),' he
