HODGSON. 123 HOE. was frequently reelected, and in his addresses to the society and its proceedings gave much of his best work. Besides these, various contributions to Mind and the miscellaneous works. The Prin- ciples of Reform in Suffrage ( 1800) , and Oulpxint Essays and Verse Translations (1881), mention should he made of the preliminary stmlies en- titled: Time and Kpaec (18(55); The Theory of Practice (1870); and The Philosophy of He- flection (1878); and of the summing up of his metaphysic. The Metaphysic of Experience (18!I8), the most forcible and valuable of his works, in which he claims that "metaphysic like pure matheniatic is fontal and jjreinduetivc." and as a phenomcnist takes a strong stand against the yoiiiHcnon. HbDMEZO - VASARHELY, h6d'm6-ze-va'- shar-liely'. A city in the County of Csongrad, Hungary, on the Hod (Moon) Lake, IG miles iiortlicast of Szcgedin ( Map : Hungary, G 3 ) . Among its principal buildings are the town hall, hospitals, and a gjninasium. It has risen into considerable jjrominence as an agricultural and trading centre, the inhabitants of the city and lieighborhood lieing actively engaged in stock- raising and the cultivation of wine and tobacco. The industrial establishments include breweries tind nn oil-factory. Population, in 1890, 55,475; in lllllO, (50,883 : 'mostly Magv-ars. HOD'OGRAPH (from Gk. o56s, hodos, way -^ ypdtpeiv, f/raphdn, to write). A velocity curve, representing the acceleration of a given motion. In Fig. 1, V„ V... V,:. . . . represent the velocities Fio. 1. Fio. 2. of a point P, which moves along the curve C, at the various positions P,, P„. Pj.... In Fig. 2, OV,, OVj, OVj. . . . are drawn ])arallel and equal to Vi, v., V|. . . . .The curve H. formed by joining the points V,. V,, V,. is called the hodograph of tile mill ion of P. If V describes the curve 11, while P descrilics the curve C. then the velocity of V at any point, laid off on the tangent of the curve H at tlut point, represents the acceleration of the point P both in magnitude and direction. Thus the velocity of the hodograph is the accel- eration of the original motion. HOD'SON, William Stephen Raikes (1821- 58). An English .scddier, born near Gloucester. In 1845 he joined the army in India and par- ticipated in the Sikh War. Two years afterward.s he had conunand of native troops, and distin- guished himself during the mutiny as leader of the irregular cavalry called ITndson's Horse. He held a civil office in 184fl-52, but was more suc- eessful as a soldier, and died the death of one at Lucknow. HO'DY, Humphrey (l(3.5ni7071 . A Church of Knglnnd divine. He was horn at Odcombe, Somersetshire. .Tanuarv 1. Ifi5fl; graduated P... at Oxford, 1079; became fellow of Wadham Col- VoL. X.— 9 lege there, and in 1(597-98 regius professor of Greek. He died near Bath, January 20, 1707. lie participated on the Government side in the controversy over the bishops and their followers who refu.sed to accept William and Jlary as their legal sovereigns — the so-called Nonjurors; and also in that about the rights and powers of Con- vocation, contributing the valuable History of Unrjlish Councils and Convocations and of the Clergy's Sitting in Parliament (London, 1701). But his lasting reputation rests upon his work on the Hebrew text, the Septuagint, and Vulgate version of the Bible, De liihliorum Textibus (1705). His life, written largely by himself, ap- pears in Jebb's edition of his Ue Grevcis Illus- trihus (London, 1742). HOE (from OF. hove, hoe. from OHG. houiea, Ger. Haiie, hoe, from OHG. houiran, Cier. hauen, AS. heawan, Fug. heir). An agricultural imple- ment used for stirring the soil, drawing up earth to plants, thinning plants in drills, clearing the ground of weeds, etc. There are two classes of hoes — drawhoes and thrust-hoes. In the former the blade is almost at right angles to the handle; in the latter, almost in the same plane with it. The thrust-hoe, or Dutch hoe, is chiefly u.sed for killing weeds, and for stirring ground to a very sliglit depth. The draw-hoe is much used in gardening, and is, in some countries, very exten- sively used in place of the spade in agriculture. It is alw.ays employed in the thinning (singling) of turnips. Hoes intended for tilling the ground, instead of the jdow and spade, are much larger and heavier than those ordinarily used, are raised much higher, and brought down to the groimd with greater force, somewhat like the pickaxe. Hoes for stirring very stiff soils are sometimes made with prongs instead of a blade. HOE. The name of a family prominently iden- tified with the manufacture and improvement of the printing-press in America. — Robert ( 1784- 1833) was born in Leicester.shire, England. He was indented to a joiner, in 1803 emigrated to the United States, worked for a time at his trade, and subsequently was an associate of his brothers- in-law. Peter and Matthew Smith, in the manu- facture of a hand printing-press invented by the former. In 1823 he became sole proprietor of the business. A skillful mechanic, he constructed and introduced the original Hoe press, and was, it is thought, the earliest American machinist to utilize steam as a motive power in his plant. — Richard March (1812-86), son of the foregoing. He began the practical study of printing-press manufacture in 1827. and in 1833 became the senior pnrtner of the Hoe firm. He devised nu- merous ingenious improvements in the |)resses, and also produced a line quality of steel saw. In 1841 he. in connection with his brothers, Peter Smith Hoe and Robert Hoe, took over the entire direction of (he business. A rotary press, widely known as 'Hoe's lightning press.' was brought out by him in 184(5. and forthwith was very exten- sively adopted for newspaper work. (See Print- ing.) .fterwards he invented the web perfect- ing press, which superseded his former invention and prints upon both sides oi the sheet, and includes complicated apparatus for cutting and folding. (See PRlNTlxn.) Constant improve- ments were made by him in the output of his works. — Rorert (1839 — ). a son of Robert Hoe, 2d, succeeded to the headship of the firm, which
