HOOD. 190 HOOD. ate service. During the first years of the war he took part in the Virginia campaigns, where )iis galhuitrj- gained him tlic rank of major-gen- eral. At (Jettysburg his division was stationed on the extreme" right of the Confederate line, and took i)art in some of the most desperate lighting of that bloody battle. In .Septem- ber, 1803, he was sent to the aid nl Gen- eral Bragg in Tennessee, and took part in tlio battle of Cliickamauga, Septenilwr iytli-20tli, where he lost a leg. The ne.xt spring he ag-ain took the field and was made a lieutenant-general in .Johnston's army. During the campaign by which this general" sought to imiwde Sbernian's advance on .Atlanta, Hood was engaged in several battles, and on May 25, 1804, his corps was attacked by Hooker at New Hope Church, tin .July 17th he was given the temporary rank of general, and was appointed to succeed Johnston in command of the Army of the Tennessee. Sher- man was exultant at this change, for he knew that Johnston's wearing tactics would now give place to a policy which would enable him to make good use of his superior lighting strength. On July 20th was fought the battle of Peach Tree Creek, a.s a result of which Hood was com- pelled to withdraw into the fortifications about Atlanta, and two days later the battle of Atlanta followed his Hank "movement toward Decatur. On July 281 h he attacked the Federal forces, but was again compelled to withdraw into his forti- fications. .fter another engagement at .Tones- boro. on September 1st. he abandoned Atlanta, •which was entered by Sherman on the 2d. Hood, after operating for several weeks along the line of Sherman's communications, and moving west- ward into northern .labama, crossed the Tennes- see River about the end of October and began to move northward through Tennessee against Oeneral Thomas. After his attack on the Federal forces inder Schofield at Franklin had Iwen re- pulsed (sec Franklin, Battij, m-). he proceeded to Nashville, where he found Thomas stationed with a force about equal to his owni. Thomas was not prepared at the outset, and for nearly two weeks the two armies faced each other. At last, on necember 15th. Thomas ordered the attack. The Confederates fought desperately, but were forced back all along the line. That night Hood re-formed his army and the next day awaited the Federals on the Over- ton Hilis. Owing to his strong position, he succeeded in repelling the first assault, but the second was more successful, and soon the Confederates were driven in utter rout. As a military force Hood's army disappeared, and on January 2.3, 1865. at his own request, he was relieved of his command. After the war he be- came a commission merchant in Xcw Orleans and president of the New Orleans branch of the Life .ssociation of .America. He wTote a book entitled Advance and Retreat: Personal Frprri- cnccs ill Hir Vnited states and Confederate fftates Armie.i (1880K and wrote a number of articles for Baltio and Leaders of the Ciril War (New York. 1887). HOOD, Moi-NT. A peak of the Cascade Range (q.v.). on the western border of Wasco County. Ore. (Map: Oregon, D 4). It is 50 miles east by south of Portland, whence it is reached by rail to Hood River, fifi miles, and thence by stage to the base of the northern glaciers. It has an altitude of 11,934 feet; there are no formidable obstacles to its ascent, and the summit commands an extensive and magnificent view. HOOD, RoniN. The hero of a group of English ballads, which represent him as an outlaw, dwelling in Sherwood forest, Nottinghamshire, or in Banisdalc, a wocnlland district in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The earliest known men- tion of him is in the second version of I'icra I'louman (about 1377), where Sloth says he "knows rymcs of Robj-n Hood" {Skeat, Passus V. 11. 401, 402) . The oldest extant ballad of which he is hero is "A ticste of Robyn Hode," assigned to about 1400. This poem, consisting of 450 lour-line stanzas, is in magnitude almost an epic. -Vniong succeeding ballads, of which Profes.sor Child collected thirty-nine, are "Robin Hood and (Juy of tiisborne," "Robin Hood and the .Monk," and "Robin Hood's Death." As early as the last half of the fifteenth century Robin ilood Ix'came a popular character in the semi-dramatic celebra- tions of May-day, both in England and in Scot- land, and later in the regular drama, as in Ben .Tonson's beautiful pastoral The .Sad Shepherd. Robin is the ideal outlaw, courteous, liberal, and reverent. Skillful with the bow, he shoots the King's deer, but he loves the King, lie takes from the rich clergj- their supcrlluous goods, but wliat lie does not need him.self he gives to the poor. He is chivalrous toward all women, and reveres the Virgin Mary. His chief foe is the .slierilf of Not- tingham. With him is a numerous band. There are Little John. Scathlock, or Scarlock, Friar Tuck, Maid Marian, Much the Miller's Son. and several others. In his illness Robin goes to a prioress, who is his cousin, to be bled. She al- lows him to bleed to death. Unsuccessful attempts have been made to prove the real exist enee of Robin. True, his ca- reer as eventually developed has all the details of authentic history : hut these were taken from the ballads themselves, or from semi-historical personages, as Hereward the Wake, and U'allacc, and applied to Robin. Others have tried to con- nect the surname Hood with Woden, the cliief of the Norse gods, or with IlJldr (warrior), another Norse divinity. It is now rather thought to be a variant of Hodeken. an elf in Germanic folk- tales. IJobin is of course a diminutive of Robert. Robin Hood then seems to have l)ecn at first only an elf of the woods, about whom later gathered typical adventures of the outlaw. Robin Hood is the hero of a comic opera by Reginald Do Koven (q.v.), and a late drama by Tennyson. The Foresters, has Robin Hood as it.s main char- acter. Consult: Child, English and Scottish Hal- lads (Boston. 1883 et seq.): liishop Perc;i'a Folio, ed. Hales and Furnivall, vol. i. (Txindon. 1867) : Ritson. [iohin Hood (London. 1705. new ed. 1885) : and for an attempt to prove the ex- istence of Robin Hood. Hunter. The Great Flrro of the Ancient Minstrelsti of England (London. 18.52). HOOD, Samiel, Viscount (1724-181B). An English admiral, born at Thorneombe. He embarked at first as captain's ser'ant. then as sea- man, was midshipman on Rodney's ship (1743). was lieutenant at twenty-two and post-captain at thirty-two. During his retirement from active service (1778-80). he was commissioner of the dock yards at Portsmouth, but went to sea atrain under .Admiral Rodney, as next to him in rank upon the North .American Squadron. Hood took part in several famous naval battles in 1781-82,
