"Frccdwoman;" "Death of Cleopatra," exhibited
at the Centennial Exhibition (ISTii) : "Asleep;"
"Marriage of Hiawatha;" "Madonna with the
Infant Christ." Among her portrait busts in
terracotta are those of Longfellow, Charles Sum-
ner, .John Brown, and Abraham Lincoln, in the
l^ibrarv of San .Jose, Cal. Her work is mostly
in Europe.
LEWIS, ESTELLE AXXA BLANCHE (ROBIX- SON) (1824-80). An American poet. She was born near Baltimore, Md.. and was married to Sidney Lewis of Brooklyn. X. Y.. in 1841. From lliat time she lived chiefly in Europe. Her first i'rsps appeared in Xew York as Records of the Heart (1844). Her later poems, which won ex- travagant praise from Edgar Allan Poe. include: The Child of the Hea (1848) : The Mi/thx of the Miiisti-el (1852); and Poems. (186G). She also wrote three tragedies. Helemah, or the Fall of Montezuma (18(54) : Sappho of Lesbos (1868) ; and The Kiiiri's Stratagem (1869). Of these Sappho, her Ijest work, passed through seven edi- tions, and after being translated into Greek was produced at Athens.
LEWIS. Francis (1713-180.3). An American patriot. He was born in LlandatT, Wales, and was educated at Westminster. After a mercan- tile apprenticeship he brought over a cargo of goods to America in 173.5; settled in Xew York, and became a prosperous merchant. During the French and Indian War he was agent for clothing the British troops, was at Oswego when that l)ost was surrendered to Montcalm by Colonel
- Icrcer in 1756, and was taken prisoner and car-
ried to France. On his return to X^ew York, lie gradually retired from active business. He was prominent among the 'Sons of Liberty': was a member of the (i'ontinental Congress in 1775-76, and signed the Declaration of Independence. In 1776 his house on Long Island was plundered, his papers destroyed, and his wife taken prisoner. After much trouble she was finally e.xchanged.
LEWIS, Sir George Cornewaix (1806-63). An English statesman and author, eldest son of Sir T. F. Lewis, of Harpton Court, Radnorshire. He was born in London. April 21. 1806. He was educated at Eton and at Christ Church, O.x- ford, where he was distinguished for classics and mathematics. He became a barrister in 1831. and after acting on various commissions of inquiry, succeeded his father as poor-law com- missioner (1839-47). He sat in Parliament for Herefordshire from 1847 to 1852. and became suc- cessively Secretary to the Indian Board of Con- trol, L'nder-Secretary of the House Department, and Financial Secretary to the Treastiry. Losing his scat in 1852, he accepted the editorship of the Edinburgh Ifevieir (1852-55). Elected to Parliament for the Radnor Boroughs in 1855. he became, under Palmerston, Chancellor of the Ex- chequer (18.55-58). Home Secretary (1859-61). and Secretary of War (1881-63). He died .pril 13. 1863. He wrote numerotis articles for the magazines, especially for the Edinburgh Revieip. and published about twenty books on a great variety of topics. Among them are: The Use and Ahuse of PnlitieaJ Terms (1832); Oririin and Formation of the Pnmiinre Lanpiiaf/es (1835); Local Disturbances in Ireland (1836): .1 Clos- sarii of Provincial Words Used in Herefordshire (1839) ; The Government of Dependeneies{,n) ; an edition of the spurious Fables of Babritts (1846); The Influence of Authority in Matters of Opi7iion (1849); The Method of Observations and Reasoning in Politics (1852); an Inquiry into the Credibility of Early Roman History, an attack on Niebuhr (1855) ; Astronomy of the Ancients (1862); and a Dialogue on the Best Form of Government (1863). Several of these works displaying solid learning have been re- printed. Consult the Letters of 0. C. Lewis, edited by G. F. Lewis (London, 1870) ; and Bagehot, Biographical Studies, edited by Hut- ton (ib., 1881).
LEWIS, Hexrt Cabvill (1853-88). An American geologist, born in Philadelphia. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania, gradu- ated in 1873, and spent several years in graduate study. In 1879 he became connected with the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, and in 1884 he published a Report on the Terminal Moraine in- I'ennsylvatiia and Xew York. A year after- wards he went to Europe to study glacial phe- nomena in England, Ireland, and Switzerland, and to take courses in petrology under Rosen- busch at Heidelberg. His early death broke off these researches, but their partial results were contributed to the British Association (1886-87). In 1880 he was made professor of mineralogy in the Philadelphia Academy of X'atnral Sciences, and three years afterwards was made professor of geology at Haverford College; both these chairs he held until his death.
LEWIS, James (1840-96). An American comedian. He was born in Troy, N. Y., and made his first stage appearance there in 1858, his part being a minor one in The Writing on the Wall. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was in the South, and he narrowly escaped being detained there by the blockade. Subsequently, he traveled much in the Middle West. His first appearance in Xew York City was in 1866, in the farce Your Life's in Dangev, as presented at the OhTnpic Theatre by ilrs. .John Wood's company. Afterwards he was verv successful in Boston in the role of Dick Swiveller. In 1869 he became the leading comedian in Augustin Daly's company in Xew York City, and he re- tained this position during the remainder of his life. He was highly successful in almost every comedy part that he played.
LEWIS, John-Frederick (180.5-76). An English historical, genre, and animal painter. He was born in London. August 20. 1805. His first works were animal paintings, but after a journey through Germany and Italy, he devoted himself to aquarelles, becoming a member of the Water- Color Society in 1830. The scope of his art was enlarged by "a visit to Spain in 1832-34. during which he painted only Spanish genre. After this he resided in Paris and Rome, and in 1840 he went to Greece and Constantinople, afterwards settling for ten years in Egypt. In 1851 he re- turned to England, where his aquarelles were received with much enthusiasm. His "Frank Encampment in the Desert of Mount Sinai" (1842) was considered by Ruskin the finest thing of its kind since Veronese. In 1856 he was elected president of the Water-Color Society, but resigned in 1858 to devote himself to oil painting. His oil paintings, treating Oriental subjects, sustained his previous reputation, and in 1865 he was elected Academician. He died at Walton-on-the-Thames, August 15, 1876. His
