he admitted the possibility of an empirical
metaphysics.
LEWIN, hlveii', Ceokg Richard (1820-96). A Gerinan physician, l)i)in at Sondershausen. He studied medicine in lierlin. Halle. Leipzig. Heidel- berf;. Vienna, and Paris, and was made professor of dermatology at Berlin in 1808. He was best known for his "novel treatment of laryngitis and of syphilis, as set forth in Die Inhalatwnsthertipic in kranl.licilcn der Uespimtionsorgane (2d ed. 180,')) and Die liehaiullunn drr Syphilis durcli siihhutane Sublimatiitjektimi (1809).
LEWIN, lu'In. Thomas (1805-77). An Eng- lish lawyer and biblical scholar. He was edu- cated at Trinity College, Oxford; admitted to the bar in 1833, and in 1852 became conveyancing counsel to the Court of Chancery, and held the ollice the rest of his life. He wrote a standard treatise on The Lair of Trusts (18.'57; 8th ed. 1885), but most of his works are of a religious character. Among them are: The Life and Epis- tles of Saint Paul (1851; ,Sd cd. 1875) ; an Es- say on the Chronology of the New Testamrnt (1854); Jerusalem, a Sketch of the City and Temple from the Earliest Times to the Siege by Titus (ISOl): Siege of Jerusalem by Titus (1803) ; and Fasti Sacri, or a Key to the Chro- nology of the .A'cic Testament (1808). He also published a work on Ctesar's invasion of Britain (1859).
LEWIS, Ifils. Abram Hebbabt (1836—). An American clergyman of the Seventh-Day Baptist denomination. He was born at Scott, N, Y. ; studied at Milton College, Wis,, at Alfred t'ni- versity, N. Y,, and I'nion Theological Seminary. He held charges in Westerly, R. I. (1804-07) ; in New York (1868); and "in Plainfield, N. J. (1880) ; became professor of Church history at Alfred University in 18(i8; and wrote: Critical nistory of the Sabbath and the Sunday in the Christian Church (1866); Sunday Legislation (1888) : and Paganism Surviving in Christianity (1890).
LEWIS, Agnes Smith. An English Oriental- ist, daughter of the Rev. .John Smith. She was born at Irvine, Ayrshire, and was educated at the Irvine school and by i)rivate tutors. With her sister, Mrs. Margaret Dunlop Gibson, she dis- covered, in the library of the Convent of Saint Catherine on Mount Sinai, the Syro-Antiochene Palimpsest of the Gospels and other valuable Oriental nuinuscripts. The sisters gave the site for Westminster Theological (College, Cambridge, in 1897. Her works include: In the Shadow of Sinai (1898) ; The Story of .1/u'^-ar (with Cony- Ware and .T. R. Harris, 1898) ; A Palestinian Syriac Lectionary of the Gospels (with Mrs, Gibson. 1899) ; and vols, i., vi., ix., x. of Studia Sinaitica, containing a Catalogue of the Sinailio Syrian Manuscripts (1894) ; .-l Palestinian Syri- ac heclionary from the Pentateuch Prophets (1807) : and Select Xarratiiies of Holy Women, from the same source ( 1900) .
LEWIS, Andrew (c. 1720-801. An American soldier. He was bom in Donegal, Ireland, but in 1732 his family emigrated to America, and be- came the first white settlers within the limits of the present Augusta County. Va. Lewis served as a major under Washington in the Ohio expedition of 1754. and iinder Braddock, with the same rank, in 1755. In 1756 he commanded the Sandy Creek expedition against the Indians, and two years later was captured by the French near Kort DuQuesne, and taken as a prisoner to ISIontreal. He was Virginia'.s commissioner in the treaty negotiations with the Indians at Fort Stanwix (Rome. X. Y.) in 170S, and in 1774 served as brigadier-general in Lord Dinimore's War (q.v. ), and as such commanded the Vir- ginia troops at the battle of Point Pleasant (q.v.). He was a member for several years of the Virginia House of Burgesses, and in 1776 was appointed by Congress a brigadier-general, and took part in the military operations against Lord Dunraore. Ill health compelled him to re- sign his commission in April, 1777, and he died three years later in Bedford County, Va. His four brothers, Samuel, Thomas, William, and tiiAiii.E.s, were also prominent in the history of Virginia.
LEWIS, CliAELTON Thomas (1834-1904). An American lawyer and lexicographer, born in West Chester, Pa. He entered Yale College, where he graduated in 1853. In 1854-50 he be- gan to study for the ministry in the Methodist Church, but became instead professor of lan- guages in the State Normal University, Bloora- ington, 111., in 1857; and later (1860) professor of mathematics in Troy University, N. Y., and professor of Greek in the same institution in 18U2. Tliree years afterwards he gave up teach- ing, and settled in New York City for the prac- tice of the law. He spent the year 1807-08 in Europe on account of ill health ; and on his re- turn he became editor, with William Cullen Bryant, of the New York Evening Post. In 1871 he again resumed his law practice, and liecame counsel for many corporations. In 1898-99 he lectured on insurance before Columbia, Cornell, and Harvard universities. Among the many sub- jects which engage<l his attention was that of prison reform. His principal pul)lished works arc: llnomon of the New Testament, translated from the German of Bengel (1801) ; History of Germany (1870) ; Harper's Latin Dictionary, in collaboration with Prof. Charles Short (1879- 95); Latin Dictionary for Schools (1886); and Elementary Latin Dictionary (1890).
LEWIS, Dig (1823-86). An American physi- cian, bcun at Auburn. N. Y'. He studied at the Harvard Medical School, and practiced for a time successively at Port Byron and Buflalo, N. Y'. At the latter place he published a monthly ]ieriodical. in which he advocated the hygienic value of diet and exercise. He introduced the system of light gj-mnasties for schools and pri- vate classes, and in 1803 founded in Boston a school for ti-aining teachers of physical culture. He removed to New York City about 1883. His principal publications are: The New Gymnastics (1802): M'eak Lungs and How to Make Them Strong (1863); Talks About People's Stomachs (1870); Our Girls (1871); Chats' with Young Women (1871); Chastity (1872); Gypsies (1881) ; and In a Nutshell (1883).
LEWIS, Edmoxia (1845—). An American sculptor. She was born in New York, .July 4. 1845, of negro and Indian parentage. She re- ceived little instruction in sculpture, but at- tracted attention by exhibiting a bust of Colonel Shaw at Boston in" 1865. In the same year she went to Rome to study, and after 1867 made her residence there. Among her works are the
