LILY. 271 LIMA. at Oxford, afterwards traveling in the Orient to |ji'rfect his kiiouledye of tin- Greek hmguage, and passed a number ot years at Kliodes and Rome. He returned to London about 1509, taught pri- vately there for some time, was appointed by Colet first head-master of JSaint Paul's School in 1512, and became one of the chief exponents of the 'new learning.' He was a joint author of the famous Eton hiUin Grammar. It is probable that he was the first teacher of Greek in London. LIL'YB^'XJM PROM'ONTO'KIUM (Lat., from Gk. AMjiaiov, Lilijbiiion) . The ancient name of the modern Cape iioeo, the western ex- tremity of Sicily. From it to Cape Bon is the shortest distance between Africa and Sicily. Here in B.C. 397 the Cartliaginians founded the I ity of Lilyb;pum (modern Jlarsala, q.v.) to take the place of Jloty, which Dionysius had de- stroyed. In B.C. 279 Lilybanim was besieged un- successfully by Pyrrhus, and in the First Punic War the Ilomans endeavored in vain to reduce it ; but in the final treaty of peace it was con- ceded to them. Tlicy made it the starting-point of the African cx[)editions, and the strongest fortress and most splendid city in Western Sicily. Its massive walls were surrounded by a moat 40 feet deep and 00 feet wide. LILY FAMILY. An order of plants. See LlLI.CE.E. LILY MAID OF ASTOLAT, The. Elaine, the maiden whu died for love of Lancelot. LILY OF THE VALLEY (ConvaUaria ma- jnlin). A well-known ornaiiieidal plant, the single re]iresentatlve of its genus, of the natural order Liliaceae. It grows in bushy places and woods in Europe, Northern Asia, and in the southern Al- legliany region of North America, and is also largely cultivated. The plant grows from an un- derground rootstock, and usually ])roduces two ovate lanec-shaped leaves from six to eight inches long. In Jlay or June the scape with its small, white, six-lobed, bell-shaped, drooping flowers ap- pears as a terminal, one-sided raceme. The fruit of the plant is a few-seeded re<l berry, about as large as a pea. The berries, roots, and llowers have a nauseous, bitter, and somewhat acrid taste, and are credited with purgative and diuretic ef- fects. The flowers are used in the manufacture of c'lH cl'or. an esteemed French jierfume. Cultivation has given rise to a numlier of varieties with red, variegated, and double flowers. The plant suc- ceeds almost everywhere, but makes an especially fine growth in moist, shady places on a rich sandy, well-drained loam. It is propagated by the crowns or strong terminal buds (pips) of the root- stalks. These may be ol)tained from established beds in the fall, hut in the United States they are generally imported. The lily of the valley is largely forced by florists who obtain blossoms nearly all the year round. See Colored Plate of LiLIACE.E. LIMA, le'ma. A maritime department of Peru, hounded by the Department of Aneachs on the north. .Timin on the east, Huancavelica on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Area. 13, .310 square miles. The surface is very mountainous, and many peaks are covered with perpetual snow. The western part slopes gradu- ally toward the sea, and has a number of fertile valleys along the river-courses, although large areas are occupied by sterile sand wastes. Siisrar- eane is the principal crop raised in the valleys. which are among the most populous regions in I'cru. ilinerals are supposed to exist in large c{uantities, but there is very little mining. The population was olfieially estimated iu 1890 at 298,100. The capital is Lima (q.v.). The sea- port, Callao, with a few miles of the surround- ing country, forms a separate i)rovince. LIMA. The capital of Peru. It is situated on the Kimac, seven miles from where it flows into the Pacific Ocean, and from the poit of Callao (q.v.), in latitude 12° 2' S., longitude 77° 7' V. (Map: Peru, 15 0). Owing to its prox- imity to the Andes, the climate of Lima is very moderate, and in winter the air feels even chilly on acccmnl of the dense fogs which then prevail, and which reiuler the climate very unhealthful. Pain, however, is almost unknown. The city is laid out in the form of a triangle, and the streets, though narrow, are straight and cross at right angles. The old city was surrounded liy adobe walls, which were razed in 1870, and their sites converted into boulevards. There are .several handsome promenades adorned with shade-trees and statues, and a numlier of squares, the foremost of which are the I'laza de la Inde- l)endencia, containing a fine eiiueslrian statue of P.olivar, and the Plaza Mayor, with a bronze fountain in the centre. On this plaza stand the cathedral and Archbishop's palace, the city hall, and the Government building. There are no parks properlj' so called, but the Exposition grounds form a beautiful pleasure garden with palaces, pavilions, and statues, besides zoiilogical and botanical gardens. The houses of Lima are as a rule roomy two-story structures built in the Spanish style with a central pnlio or court- yard. They are almost invariably built of adobe stuccoed with plaster. Foremost among the buildings stajids the cathedral, with a beautiful Moorish facade and two lofty towers; it was be- gun in 1535 and consecrated in 1025. There are about sixty other churches, and several* fine hospitals. The educational institutions of Lima comprise the national university, the oldest in America, having, besides the Colegio de San Carlos, facul- ties of medicine, law, theology, political science, and applied science. There are also schools of engineering, agriculture, and navigation, a mili- tary and a naval academy, and over 100 minor schools. There are, besides, an athemeum. scien- tific and literary societies, where public lec- tures are given, and several valuable libraries, among which the foremost is the National Library, which was foliiideil in 1822, and con- tained 00,000 volumes before it was destroyed by the Chileans in 1880: it now contains about 40.000 volumes. Lima has developed rapidly in recent j'ears; since the razing of the walls in 1870 the suburbs have thoroughly grown into the city itself, which has been greatly extended. The public works are in good condition: the city is lighted by electricity, and it has an excellent water-su|q)ly and sewerage system. The water is obtained by' direct filtratiiUi from the Pviniac, into subterranean chambers, from which it is brought to the city in pipes and distributed by the grav- ity system. Lima is the chief commercial centre of the count rv. The Transandean Railroad, run- ning from the Port of Callao across the Cordil- leras, is here intersected by a railroad running northward through the province. The chief manufactures of the city are furniture, iron, and.
