LIMA. 272 The LIME. copper articles, potlcry, and dyestuffs. population is estimated at about 115,000. Lima was founded in 1535 by Francisco Pizar- ro, who called it 'Ciudad de los Keyes' ("City of the Kings'). Its later name, Lima, is a corrup- tion of Rimac,' the name of the river. During Spanish colonial times it was the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru, which then included the greater part of S])anish South America. In 1880- 81 Lima was occupied by the Chilean army, which destroyed many of its finest treasures and monu- ments." Consuft Middendorf, Peru, vol. i. (Berlin, 1803). LIMA, li'ma. A city and the county-seat of .lhn t'ounty, Oliio, 72 miles south by west of Toledo: on the Ottawa Kiver, and on the Cincin- nati, Hamilton and Dayton, the Erie, the Lake Erie and Western, the Detioit Southern, and the Pennsylvania railroads (.Map: Ohio. I? 4). It is the seat of Linui Collcfje (Lutheran), opened in 1893. The industries include »ever;il lar<,'e rail- road sliops. nuinufai'torles of loeomotives, cars, and macliinery. and ])clroleum refineries. Lima is in the great petroU-um iind natural-gas belt of the State, and ships large quantities of oil. The water-works are owned and operated by the 7uunici|ialitv. Population, in 1800, 15,981; in moo, 21.72.S. LIMAQON, lima'soN' (Fr., snail). A special form of the Cartesian curves. It was invented by Paseal ( 1023-02 ), and named by Koberval. Its rectangular equation is (or -- y' — 2ax)' ^= a-(j- + ir) and its polar equation c = 2((cosfl + /■■. Consult lirocard, .Vo/f.s- di- liihlidiirnptiic dr.i coiirbrs (/riiDu'triijUcs (Bar-le-Duc, 1897; and supi)lenient, 1899). See CARTESIANS; Cardioiu. LIMA E SILVA. le'mi'i a sel'vii, LuiZ Alves DE, Duke of (■:ixi:is (1803-80). A South .meri- can soldier and politici:in. liorn at Rio de .laneiro, Brazil. He was an clficient jncsident successive- ly of the provinces of Maranhao, S;To Paulo, and Kio Crande do Sul. On Fel)ruary 3, 1852, he com- manded the Brazilian forces in the battle of !Monte-Caseros, in which Ui'quiza overthrew the Dictator Rosas. He became Senator and Minister of War in 1855, and in 1850-57 and again in 1801-02 was Prime Minister. In 1800-69 he eom- mandc<l the army :ig:iinst Pariigiuiy with success, and on .Tanuiirv 5, 1S09. entered .simcion. He servfd in 1875-78 a final term as Prime ilinister. LIMA-WOOD. See Brazil-Wood. LIMB (from Lat. limbns, border). In astron- omy, the border or edge of the apparent disk of a heavenly bod.v, particularly the sun and moon. The name is also applied to the graduated circle of an instrument for measuring angles. A con- centric arc used for subdividing the spaces or degrees on the limb is ciilled a vernier. There are two limbs on a tbcodnlite, one for measuring horizontal and anotlicr for measuring vertical angles, called res])ectively the horizontal and the vertical limb. The graduated staff of a leveling-rod is often called a limh, the gradu- ated scale on the vane lieing then the vernier. LIMBACH, liniljlin. A town in the Kingdom of S;ixony. (Jerniany. about 12 miles by rail from Clu'iiiiiitz (Map: Oerninnv. E 3). It manufac- tures hosiery, tricot, and tricot gloves, silk, pasteboard bo.Kcs. metal wares, and machinery. Population, in 1890, 11,834; in 1900, 12,241. LIMBER (probably from Icel. lunar, plural of liiii, limb, bougli, foliage, from limr, branch, AS. tiin, Kng. limb). Part of the gun-carriage of a field piece. It is a two-wheeled structure fitted with boxes for the necessary ammunition, and a pole or shafts to which two horses are harnessed. .t the back part is fitted a .strong hook, known as the pintle-hook, to which the gun-carriage may be attached. On the march AMMUNITION CHEST, LIMBER OF UNITED STATES ARMY FIELD GUN. the gun points to the rear; in action the gun is wheeled around, unlimbered, or unhooked — the horses and limber seeking cover in the rear. On the command linihcr up, the limber is brought up and attached to the gun. See Field Artillery; CAISSiO.V. LIMBS, . TiFiciAL. Sec Aktificial Limbs. LIMBURG-ON-THE-LAHN, lim'boork. An old town in the Province of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia, situated on the Lalin, 32 miles by rail from Coblenz (Map: Prussia, C 3). The river is here crossed by a bridge dating from 1315. The town has a magnificent cathedral, originally erected in the thirteenth century, and recently restored. It is built in Transition style, with seven towers. There is a semimiry for priests. The chief industrial establishments are tobacco-factories, machine-works, breweries, and railroad repair-shojis. Population, in 1890, 0800: in 1900, 8405. Limbing has in its pos- session the famous fourteenth-century historical document known as the 'Limburger Chronik' or 'Fasti Limburgenses,' which contains interesting information about (ierman folk-lore and music of the fourteenth century. LIM'BUS (Lat.. border) . The name assigned in Roman Catholic theology to that place or con- dition of departed souls in which those are de- tained who have not olTcnded by any personal act of their own. but, nevertheless, are not admitted to the divine vision. A distinction is made be- tw(;cn limhus palriim and the liynbtis infantum. By the former name is understood the place of the just who died before the coming of the Redeemer, and of whom it is said ( I. Peter iii. 19) that He preached to those spirits that were in prison. By the latter is meant the place or state of souls of infants who die without baptism. and who suffer no torment, but are not considered capalile of the beatific vision of God which is the chief joj' of heaven. See Intermediate State: Hell, LIME (Fr. lime, from Pers. limn. Ihnun. lemon). Citrus Medica. var. acidn. A shrub of the same species as the lemon, seldom more than eight feet in height, with an irregular spreading habit of growth and crooked trunk. The fruit is similar to that of the lemon, biit smaller and more nearly globular in outline; more acid and
