liOZAlfO. 508 LUBBOCK. rare; and Hisloria dv la Compaiia dc Jesus en la proiiiicia del I'lmujuay (2 vols., 1754-55). He also fiiniisheJ Charlevoix with much material for tlu) latUM's histories. LOZENGE (OF. losengc, losaiigc, lozenge, quailrilateral, window-pane, cake of preserves, originally flattery, deceit, from los, praise, from Lat. laus, praise; the meaning developed from praise to (lattery and epitapli, then square grave- stone, and finally to square pane, cake, etc.). In heraldry (q.v.), a charge generally enumerated among the subordinaries. LOZEBE, lo'zilr'. A southern department of France, formerly part of the Province of Langue- doc (Map: France, K 7). Area, 1096 square miles. The department is mountainous, and de- rives its name from Mount Lozfere, a peak of the central mass of the Covennes. here called ilonts de la llargeride, which occupy the whole of the east and southeast portions. In the moun- tains the climate is severe and variable, and little grain is produced; but the slopes on the southern side of the Cevennes, looking toward the valley of the Rhone, are clothed with the mulberry, the olive, and the vine. The forests are extensive. The silk-worm culture is an im[iortant industry. Cattle, sheep, and mules arc reared and exported in considerable numbers. The principal minerals are silver, lead, and antimony. Capital, ilende. Population, in 1896, 132,151;" in 1901, 128,866; among whom are many Protestants. LOZIEB., lo'zher, Clemence Sophia (Hakned) (1812-88). An American homoeopathic physician, born in I'lainfield, N. J. After the death of her husband, Abraham W. Lozicr, of New York City, she began the study of medicine in the Rochester Eclectic Medical College in 1849, and graduated at the Syracuse Medical College in 1853. She then began to practice in New York City. The Jfcturcs she gave in her own house were the beginning of the New York Medical College and Hospital for Women, founded through her efforts in 1863. She was dean of the faculty of the college for more than twenty years. Dr. Lozier was a specialist in the diseases of women and children. Her daughter-in-law, Charlotte Irene (Denman) Lozier (1844-70). was also a practicing physician in New York City. LUALABA, loo'a-liilia. One of the two main headstreams of the Congo. It rises on the south- ern boundary of the Congo Free State almost ex- actly midway between the Atlantic and Indian oceans, and flows northward until after a course of 650 miles it unites with the Luapula to form the Congo (Map: Congo Free State. E 5). It flows through a mountainous and little known forest region, where it is obstructed by numerous falls and rapids. After passing through several lakes it becomes navigable for the last 250 miles of its course. LtTANG-PRABANG, loo'ang-pril'bang. The capital of a native State of the same name in Laos, French Indo-China, situated at the conflu- ence of the Nam-kan with the Mekong, about 250 miles west-southwpst of Hanoi. In the centre of the town rises a hill surrounded by a pagoda. The town has also an extensive royal palace and many temples. The trade is of little importance. Population, about 12.000. LXTAPXJLA, loo'i-poo'la. One of the main headstreams of the Congo, the other being the Lualaba, which joins the Luapula near the paral- lel of 7° south latitude. The Luapula, which is much longer than the Lualaba, may properly be regarded as the Upper Congo. It rises as the Chambesi in the mountains at the southern end of Lake Tanganyika, and after a long circuit enters and traverses Lake Moero, southwest of Tanganyika. During or after wet seasons the Chambesi also throws its waters into Lake Bang- weolo, the southern part of which is, however, hardly more than a swamp, and at times even largely dry. LUBAO, loo-ba'6. A town of Luzon, Philip- pines, in the Province of Pampanga, about 4 miles southwest of Bacolor. It is the centre of a rice, sugar, and indigo district. Population, 21,175. LtJBBEN, lub'brn, Heinrich August (1818- 84). A German philologist, born at Hooksiel, and educated at Jena, Leipzig, and Berlin. He was instructor at Oldenburg (1844-75) and then librarian at the latter place. He devoted himself to the study of the Low Cierman dialects and in 1875 became editor of the Jahrbuch des Vereins fiir niederdcut sche Hpraehforsehung. His works include: Das Plattdculscho in seiner jetzigen titellung ziim Hoehdeulschen (1846) ; and the im- portant Mittelniederdeutsches Worterbuch, with Karl Schiller (1871-81). LtJB'BOCK, Sir .John, Lord Avebuey (1834 — ). An English naturalist, anthropologist, and publicist. He was born in London, the son of Sir John W. Lubbock, a banker, also noted as an astronomer and mathematician. He was edu- cated at Eton, and then entered his father's banking house. He began early in his career to take part in public affairs, and in 1858 entered Parliament, where he served at intervals until elevated to the peerage as Lord Avebury in 1900. In politics he was of Conservative inclinations and became prominent in measures having to do with suffrage representation. He also soon became actively interested in antiquarian, scien- tific, and educational affairs. He was elected to the London County Council by the largest ma- jority ever received by a candidate, and in 1890 succeeded Lord Rosebery as its president. Although Lord Avebury will be remembered with good reason, and with gratitude, especially by the citizens of London and O.xford, as a man of affairs and a wise legislator, his fame is far wider and more permanent as a man of science, in which field he achieved eminence, especially in the departments of anthropology and entomology. His Prehistoric Times, as lUiistrated bg Ancient Remains and the Manners and Customs of Mod- ern tSavages (1865), formed a text -book on archaeology for twenty years or more, and has not been superseded by any modern work: it has been translated into the chief languages of Europe. In order to interpret the results of ex- plorations in drift gravels, caves, shell-heaps, lake dwellings, and earth-mounds, Sir .John deliv- ered at the Royal Institution of London in 1868 a course of lectures on the mental and social con- dition of savages, their languages, fine arts, mar- riage and kinships. Laws, moral codes and prac- tices, and religions. These lectures were pub- lished in a volume entitled Origin of CiriUzation and the Primitive Condition of Man (1870). The author took the human activities, especially those of a moral and social character, as his
