LUDLOW. 524 LUDOVISL Jleformed (Dutch) Church. Xew York, from 1809 to 1877; of tlio Westminster Churcli. Brook- lyn, from 1877 to 1880. and subsequently of the First Presbyterian Church. East Oranpc. X. J. Among his' jmblications are: ili/ t<(iinl John (1883) ; Comoitric Chart of His1ory{lSS5) : The Captain of the Janhuries (188G); A King of Tare (1891) ; That Angelic ^Xoman (180.'?) : The Age of the Crusades (1896); Deborah (1901); and Incentii-es for Life (1902). LUDLOW, EooER (C.1590-C.1G65). An Eng- lish colonial lawyer and administrator in Amer- ica. He was born at Dinton, Baycliffe, Wilt- shire; was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and afterwards studied law. He went to Xew England in 1030. and became one of the first set- tlers of Dorchester, Mass. For four years there- after he was a member of the Board of Assistants for JIassachusetts Bay, jiart of the time repre- senting the colony as' agent in London, and in 1634 was chosen Deputy (iovernor. In 103.5 he •was defeated bv .lohn Hayncs (q.v.) for Governor of the colony, "and the piijue at this defeat and dissatisfaction with his surroundings led him in the following year to join, with a company of his Dorchester' neighbors, the migration led by Thomas Hooker (q.v.) into the lower Connecti- cut valley. He settled at Windsor, was one of the first" commission of government, in .Tami- ary. 1039, was a member of the convention at H.artford called to formulate a constitution for the Connecticut towns, and is believed to have drafted the famous document known as the 'Fundamental Orders.' In the following April he was elected Deputy Governor of Connecticut. In August he accompanied Capt. John Jlason (q.v.) in his second expedition against the Pe- quots. On the election of Haynes, who had also removed from Jlassachusetts to Connecticut, to the ollice of fiovernor, Ludlow, who called him his 'evil genius,' left Windsor and founded the town of Fairfield, but continued as Deputy CJovernor. From 1043 to 1045 he was a commissioner in the Congress of the United Colonies of Xew England. In 1040 he was appointed by the General Court to codify the laws of Connecticut. His codifica- tion (piiblished at Cambridge, JIass., in 1072) was officially adopted in 10.50, and was long known as "Jlr. Ludlow's Code.' It won for him the title of the 'Father of Connecticut .Turispru- dence.' In 1054. after being censured by the General Court at X'ew Haven for influencing Fairfield to make an unauthorized attack upon the JIanhadoes, he left the colony in disgust for Virginia. In 1G5G he was in England, and ap- pears to have settled in Ireland, but nothing further is known of him. Consult : .Johnston. The Oenesis of a yeip England State (Baltimore, 1883), "Johns Hopkins University Studies." No. 11; and .Johnston, Conneetient (Boston. 1887), in the "American Commonwealths Series." LUDLOW, WiLUAM (1843-1901). An Ameri- can soldier, born at Islip, Long Island, X. Y. He graduated at West Point in 1864, was connnis- sioned a first lieutenant of engineers, and served under General Hooker in the Atlanta campaign as chief engineer of the Twentieth Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland. He was assistant en- gineer to General Sherman's army during the famous 'march to the sea' and the subsequent operations in the Carolinas, and earned the brevets of major and lieutenant-colonel. From 1872 to 1870 he was chief engineer of the Department of Dakota; was promoted to be major in .lune, 1882; was chief engineer of the Philadcli>hia water department, by special per- mission of the CJovcrnment granted in a resolution of Congress, from 1883 to 1880; and from 1886 to 1888 was engineer-commissioner of the District of Columbia. He had charge of the river, harbor, and lighthouse work on the Great Lakes from 1888 to 1893. From 1803 to 1890 he was military attache to the Ignited States Embassy at London. He was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel of en- gineers in August, 1895; was president of the United States Xicaragua Canal Conunission in the same year, and in 1897-98 had charge of the river and harbor work at Xew York City. In
- May, 1898. on the outbreak of the Spanish-
American War, he was appointed brigadier-gen- eral of volunteers. He distinguished himself in the Santiago campaign, was promoted to br- major-general of volunteers in September, ISns. was president for a time of the board appointed to organize the army sea transport service, and in December, 1898, was appointed military Gov- ernor of Havana. On :May 1, 1900, he was re- lieved, having previously, however (in Januaiy), been promoted to be brigadier-general in the Regular Army, the first engineer since the Civil War to receive .a line brigadier-generalship. He afterwards inspected technical military institu- tions in France, Germany, and England, for the purpose of formulating plans for a United States Army War College. LUDOLF, loo'dolf, HiOB (1024-1704). A dis- tinguished German Orientalist. He was born at Erfurt, and educated there and at Leyden. On leaving Leyden he traveled through Europe, and while in Rome learned Ethiopic from an Abys- sinian. CJregorius by name, whom he met there. In 1054 he becanie'tutor to the children of the Duke of Saxe-Gotha, and in 1075 Chamberlain at Altenburg. In 1078 he went to Frankfort-on- the-ilain, where he died in 1704. Ludolf was one of the first of European scholars to take up the scientific study of Ethiopic, and his re- .scarchcs form the starting-point for the subse- quent investigations of Ewald, Dillmann, and others. His chief works are: Hisforia .JCthiopica (Frankfort, 1081) : Commentariiis and Appendix to the same (ib., 1691, 1094) ; Helatio Xova de Hodierno Hnbessinia^ Stafn (ib., 1098) ; an Ethiopic-Latin lexicon (London, 1601; 2d ed., Frankfort, 1699), and grammar (2d ed., ib., 1702) : and a grammar and a lexicon of the Am- haric language (ib., 1698). LUDOVISI, loo'do-ve'ze, Villa. A magnifi- cent villa in the northern part of Rome, estab- lished on the site of the Gardens of Sallust inthe early part of the seventeenth century by Cardinal Lud'ovico Ludovisi. The great gardens were laid out by Le Notre, and were planted with trees and shrubs of many countries and adorned with antique statues.' The buildings were the palace, the gallery of statues, and the Casino dell' Aurora with a fresco by Guercino. The latter building alone is preserved: the grounds have been sold and built upon in recent years. The collection contained a number of valuable sculp- tures, among them the celebrated Ludovisi .Juno and Ludovisi ilars. The marbles were removed in 1891 to the Palace of the Piombino princes, who inherited the property.
