MACKENZIE. 628 MACKENZIE. <iotli.T in 1803. llu sulj-,i-i|iiintly became a corre- spoiiiliiiy ineniljer of the Klureiice Institute, and a iiienilier of the Koyal ^!v€'disli Aeadeni.v, as well as numerous other foreign societies; and in 1895 received the honor of knighthood from Queen Victoria. His most important compositions arc: the choral works The Jiridc (1881), Jason (1882f, Columbia (1883), The Rose of Sharon (1884), The Xnc Corenant (1888), The Cottars {<alur(la!/ Xight (1892), His Majesty (comic ■opera, 1897): orchestral scherzo (1878); Scotch rliajisodies. overtures, incidental music to Ravens- vuud, Marmion, and The Little Minister; con- certos (violin). Opus 32, Pibroch. His music is in the classic mode and betrays his German training tliroughout; at the same time in a measure he succeeded in introducing the Scottish note in many of his national compositions. MACKENZIE, Alexander .Slidell (1803- 48). An American naval ollicer. born in New- York Citj-. His family name was Slidell, his brother being the celebrated Senator .John Sli- dell; but in 1837 he assumed the name Jlacken- zie in honor of a maternal uncle. Entering the Vnited States Navy as midshipman in 1815. he became a lieutenant in 1825 and a commander in 1841. In 1842, while he was in command of the brig Somers, on its return from the West African coast, a conspiracy was thought to have been discovered among the naval apjjrentiecs who con- stituted the crew, and Mackenzie promptly ar- rested three men, who on Doccmber 1st were hanged from the yardarm in jiursuance of the reconuncndation of a council of oflicers. One of these men, and apparently the ringleader, was John C. Spencer, the son of the Secretary of War. The affair created wide-spread excitement, JIackenzie being warmly conuncnded in some quarters and bitterly attacked in others. A •court of inquiry, and'later a court-martial, com- pletely exonerated him from all charges, though the attacks upon him contiiuic<l and imbittered the whole of his subsequent life. In the Mexi- can War he was ordnance ofllcer at the siege of Vera Cruz, and commanded the artillery division which stormed Tabasco (.June 16, 1847). He was a facile and pleasing writer, and published a number of books, including: A Year in Spain by a Young American (1829); Popular Essays on Xaval Subjertu (1833); The American in Knyland (1835): Spain Revisited (183C); Life of John Paul Jones (1841) ; Life of Commodore O. 11. Perry (1841); and Life of Commodore Stephen Decatur (in Sparks's American Biog- raphy). Consult: The Case of the Somers; De- fense of A. S. Mackenzie (New York, 1843) ; and, on the other side, .James Fenimore Cooper, The Cruise of the Somers (New York, 1844). MACKENZIE, Charles Frederick (1825- 02). Chunli of England Bishop of Central Africa. He was born at Portniorc, Peeblesshire, Scotland; graduated B.A. at Cambridge, 1848,' where he was fellow and tutor. In ]S.'>5 he went to Xatal with Bishop Colenso and worked anion" the English settlers till 1859. In ISfiO he be'^ came head of the Universities' Jfission to Central Africa and bishop. He worked among the savages in the IManganja country, and died at Malo January 31. 1862. Consult his Life by Goodwin (2d ed.. Cambridge, 1865). MACKENZIE, Sir George (1636-91). A -Scotch lawyer, author, and politician. The son of Simon JIackcnzic, brother of the Earl of Sea- forth, he was born at Dundee, studied Greek and philosopliy at Saint Andrews and Al)erdecn, and civil law at J!oiirges, in France. In lti61 he dis- tinguished himself as counsel lor the Marquis of Argvll. then tried by a commission of Parlia- ment for high treason. About the same time he was made a justice-depute; shortly afterwards was knighted: entered the .Scottish Parliament in 16(59 as member for Koss-shirc, and in 1(177 was named King's advocate. Up to this point his career had been marked by a patriotic spirit, and he was one of the most popular men in the coun- try. As criminal prosecutor in the memorable days of the Covenant, however, he earned for him- self the name of llie 'bluidy Mackenzie,' by his overbearing disposition, application of torture, and cruel .sentences. He wrote a defense of his methods, entitled .1 Vindiration of the (Invrrn- ment of Clmrlcs 11. In the midst of his pro- fessional labors he had assiduously devoted him- self to literature, and in 1663 published Rrli,/io Sloici, or a Short Discourse upon Several Diviyir and .Moral Subjects; in 1665 his .1/ora/ Essay u/ion Solitude ; and in 1667 his Moral (lallantry. In 1678 appeared his Discourse on the Laws and Customs of Scotland in Matters Criminal; in 1684 his Institutions of the Laics of Scotland; .'ind shortly after he took the leading part in founding the Advocates' Library. He retired to O.xford in 1690, and died in London the following vear. Consult Life prefixed to his Collected ll'or/.s (Edinburgh. 1716-22). MACKENZIE, George Hen-ry (1837-91). An American chess-player, bom in Scotland. He entered the English Army and served several years in India. Coming to America, he served in the Federal Army during the Civil War, rising to be captain. He first became known as a chess- player in 1862. when he won the first prize in the handicap at the international chess contest in London, Anderssen being his opponent. In 1865 he came to New York, where lie wrote on chess matters for the Turf, Field, and Farm. He won the first prizes at the annual contests of the New York Chess Club in 1865. 1866, 1867, and 1868. He plaved in the international chess contests at New York, 1876; Paris, 1878; Vienna, 1882: London, 1883; Frankfort. 18S7. where he won the championship of the world; and Manchester, Eng- land, 1S90. MACKENZIE, Hexrt (1745-1831). A Scot- tish novelist, born in Edinburgh August, 1745; educated at the high school and Universit.v of Edinburgh. He practiced as an advocate there. In 1804 he was appointed comptroller of taxes for Scotland. He died .January 14. 1831. His -Man of Feeling (1771), Man of the World (1773), and Julia de Rouhignc (1777) won for him a rather high place among the authors of his time. There is in all these novels something of the minuteness of Richardson, with a peculiar soft and sentimental tone, partly derived from Sterne. In 1779 Mackenzie began a periodical called the Mirror (modeled after the Spectator), which lasted for seventeen months. It was fol- lowed by the Lounger (1785-87). The Man of Feeling, one of the classics in sentimental litera- ture, is published in Cassell's National Library. MACKENZIE, .Tames Cameron (1.8.52—). .^n American educator, bom in Aberdeen, ."scot- land. He came to America when he was a boy, studied in the public schools of Wilkesbarre, Pa.,
