Abul 16 Abul titled the " Fatawa Hammadiya" which he composed and dedicated to his tutor, Hammad-uddi'n Ahmad, chief-kazi of Naharwala (Patan) in Gujrat. This work was litho- graphed in the original Arabic at Calcutta in A. D. 1825. Abul-Path 'Usman, ci'*^^ ^■^■J') surnamed Malik ul-'Aziz 'Imad-uddi'n, second king of Eg3'pt of the Ayyubite dynasty. He acted as viceroy of Egypt during the ab- sence of his father, Sultan Salah-uddin Yiisuf ibn-Ayyub, in Syria. On the demise of his father at Damascus in 1193 A. D., he took possession of the supreme power with the unanimous consent of the great military officers of the em- pire. He was born at Cairo on the 7th January 1172 A. D., 8th Jumada I, 667 A. H., reigned about five years, and died at Cairo on the 23rd November, 1198 A. D., 21st Muliarram, 595 A. H. Abul-FazlBaihaki, ij^^. author of several works on history. J^ide Baihaki. Abul-Fazl 'Abdul-Malik bin-Ibrahim al-Hama- dani al-Mukaddasi, <-^+^l JwifiJl^ji^ author of the " Paraiz-ul-Mukaddasi ", a treatise on the law of inheri- tance according to the Shafi'i doctrine. He died A. D. 1095, 489 A. H. Abul-Fazl Ja'far, j.fl*=>. dl*aiJ| son of the khalifa Al- Muktafi', was a great astronomer ; vide Al-Mutawakkil. Abul-Fazl Muhammad, d^t^^, author of the Arabic Dictionary called " Surah-ul-Lughat." Abul-Fazl (Shaikh), J'^i^t^rl ^i^, Akbar's favorite Se- cretary and Wazir. His poetical name was 'Allamf. He was the second son of Shaikh Mubarak of Kagor, and brother of Shaikh Faizi. He was born in the year 1551 A. D., 958 A. H., and was introduced to the emperor in the 19th year of his reign. His writings testify him to be the most learned and elegant writer then in the East. He is celebrated as the author of the " Akbarnama" and the " Ain-Akbari", and for his letters, called " Maktubat-i-'Allami," which are consi- dered in India models of pubHc correspondence. The history of the Mughul emperors he carried on to the 47th year of Akbar's reign, in which year ho was murdered. He was deputed with prince Sultan Murad in 1597 A. D., 1006 A. H., as Commander-in-Chief of the army of the Dakhin, and on his being recalled five years after, he was advancing towards Narwar with a small escort, when he fell into an ambuscade, laid for him by Birsingh Deo Bundela, raja of U'rcha in Bundelkhand, at the instigation of Prince Salim (afterwards Jahangir) on suspicion of being the occasion of a misunderstanding between him and the emperor his father ; and although Abul-Fazl defended himself with great gallantry, he was cut off with most of his attendants, and his head was sent to the prince, who was then at Allahabad. This event took place on Friday the 13th of August, 1602 A. D., 4th Eabi' I, 1011 A. It. Akbar was deeply afflicted by the intelligence of this event ; he shed abundance of tears, and passed two days and two nights without food or sleep, Abul-Fazl is also the author of the " 'Ayar-Danish" which is a translation of Pilpay's Fables in Persian. For a detailed biography vide Kin. Translation, I, pp. i to XXX vi.] Abul-Fazl Tahir bin-Muhammad Zahir-uddin Faryabi, ^-^'^ iS^uhjjl^ a Persian poet ; vide Zahii-. Abul-Fida Ismail Hamawi, lsj*^ (J-i**-'^] ^s>J^j, whose full name is Malik Muayyad Isma'fl Abul-Fida, son of Malik-ul-Afzal, a learned and celebrated prince, who succeeded his brother Ahmad as king of Hamat in Syria in the year 1342 A. D., 743 A. H. 'rhen a private man, he published in Arabic an account of the regions beyond the Oxus called " Takwim-ul-Buldan," which was fiist edited by Grasvius with a Latin translation, London 1650, and by Hudson, Oxford 1712. Abul-Fida died in 1345, aged 72, at Hamat. The principal of Abul-Fida's other works is his abridgment of Universal History down to his time, called " Tarikh Mukhtasir." He is very exact, and his style is elegant, on which account his works are very much esteemed. Abul-Faiz, U^^L?^'- Vide Faizi. Abul-Faiz Muhammad bin-Husain bin-Ahmad, surnamed Al-Katib, or the Writer, is better known by the name of bin-Ahmad. He was a wazir of Sultan Eukn-ud- daula, of the Boyides. He was a great orator and a poet, and brought Arabian caligraphy to perfection. He died in 961 A. D., 360 A. H. Abul-FutuhRaziMakki, (^^^ (Sj'j^J-'^^'y.U author of the Arabic work called " Eisala' ' or " Kitab Hasaniya' ', which has a great reputation amongst the Shi'as, particularly in Persia. It consists of an imaginary disputation between a Shi'a slave-girl and a learned Sunni lawyer, on the merits of their respective doctrines, in which, as a matter of course, the girl utterly discomfits her opponent. The ar- gument is very ingenuously managed, and the treatise, taken altogether, furnishes a good and concise exposition of the tenets of the Shi'as, and the texts on which their belief is founded. This work was translated from Arabic into Per- sian by Ibrahim Astarabadi in 1551 A. D. Abul-Ghazi Bahadur, J^^t^ CS'j'*-^-!', Khan of the Tar- tars, was descended from the great Chingiz Khan. He came to the sovereignty of Khwarazm on the death of his brother ; and after 20 years, during which he was respected at home and abroad, he resigned the sovereignty to his son Aniisha Muhammad, and retired to devote himself to liter- ature. He wrote a valuable genealogical history of the Tartars, the only Tartar history known in Europe, but did not live to finish it. He died A. D. 1663, 1074 A. II., and on his death-bed charged his successor to complete his history, which he perfoi-med in two years after his father's death. This valuable work was translated into German by Count Strahlenberg, and a French translation appeared at Leyden in 1726. Abul-Ghazi Bahadur, vide Sultan Husain Mirza. Abul-Haras, >"i j^^-^-'l .£^^==•'1^1^ or Haras, commonly called Zul-Eama, son of 'Ukba. He was an Arabian poet, and was contemporary with Farazdak, He died in A. D. 735, 117 A. H. Abul-Hasan, {^f^ L?^', author of the " Siyar Nur Mau- lud," a heroic poem on the wars of the prophet Muhammad. Abul-Hasan, a poet who wi-ote a commentary on the Diwan of Anwari, called Sharh-i-Diwan-i-Anwari. Abul-Hasan 'AbduUah, ^h<^ cr~=^!yl, (Imam), son of Mukanna'. He translated Pilpay's Fables from the Pahlawi language into Arabic by order of Abu- Ja'far Mansur, the second khalifa of the house of 'Abbas, who reigned at Baghdad from 754 to 775 A. D. The book is called Kalila Damna. Abul-Hasan 'Ali, i^r^i ^f, author of the works called " Sunan" and " 'Hal." He died A. D. 990, 380 A. H. Abul-Hasan 'Ali bin-al-Husain al-Kumi, ^j^^ ^j^il^^x-^s^ commonly called Babwaihi, who is said to have died in A. D. 940, 329 A. H., was the author of several works of note, one of which is called " Kitab-ush-Shari'a." This writer is looked upon as a considerable authority, although his fame has been almost eclipsed by his more celebrated son, Abu-Ja'far Muhammad Ibn-Babwaihi (p. 14). When these two writers are quoted
