Chivalry, 238, 251-53, 403-06, 591; of fourteenth century, 511, 513
Choir stalls, 427, 437
Christ, see Jesus
Christian, in Pilgrim's Progress, 6
Christianity, 3, 14-15, 294, 412; and early Germans, 42, 45, 51, 55; and Roman Empire, 64, 72, 77, 82, 93, chap. vi; in German states of the West, 119-20, 123-26, 156; and Islam, 172, 175, 179, 182, 184, 187-90, 192, 226; expansion of Christendom, 200, 202, 218-19, 225, 228, chap. xvi, 537, 544, 546, 608, 630; and the Mongols, 549; and the Turks, 554; and the Papacy, 560; and the Renaissance, 592-93; and see Church, Missions, Monasticism, Patristic Literature, Art, Architecture, etc.
Christian Socialism, 616
Christmas, 14, 208-09, 242, 314, 375
Christmas trees, 45
Chronicles, 98, 119; monastic, 163, 194; late Carolingian, 218, 222-23; oldest Russian, 224; feudal, 253, 285; of crusades, 310; German, 342, 538; of towns, 340, 371; world, 412; French, 493
Chronology, 1, 13-14, 376, 531
Chrysoloras, 591
Church, early, 97-116; Western, 108-09, 134, 169, 558; of Rome, 15, 102; Eastern or Greek, 108, 134-35, 150, 152, 190, 302, 308, 556, 558, 573, 591; Russian, 135, 224; Celtic or Irish, 164-69; Anglo-Saxon, 167, 169; Frankish, 168-69, 210; in North Africa, 178; medieval, 78, 115, 117, chaps. xv, xxii, xxiii, 563, 569, 593; and feudalism, 244, 251-52, 258, 271, 492, 494; and divorce, 253; and crusades, 311, 313, 323-24; and communes, 361; and civilization, 373, 376, 390, 397; and the Black Death, 515-16; and Renaissance art, 599-601, 605; at close of Middle Ages, 622, 639; in England, 275, 293, 296, 474-75, 482, 487, 525; of England, 639; in Germany, 280, 292, 463; in Sicily, 470; in France, or Gallican, 366, 506, 573-74, 638; in Scandinavia, 546; in Bulgaria, 556; in Spain, 574, 631; and see Coptic, Jacobites, Nestorians, Papacy, Reform
Church and State, 25, 72, 77-78, 95-97, 105-06, 109, 115, 120, 133-35, J55, I57i 193-94, 199, 2 02, 206-07, 267, 269, 275, chap. xv, 376-77, 477, chap. xxiv, 502-07, 562-64, 582-83, 597, 625; and see Clergy
Church Councils and Synods, 102, 106, 120, 156, 167-68, 187, 288-90, 293, 295, 452, 479, 505, 572-74; and see Nicaea, Sardika, Ephesus, Chalcedon, Constantinople, Trullan, Pavia, Mainz, Mantua, Worms, Clermont-Farrand, Fourth Lateran, Lyons, Pisa, Constance, Basel, Ferrara, Florence
Church courts, 105, 157, 293-98, 319, 336, 391, 435, 437, 446-47, 484, 529; and see Inquisition
Church Fathers, see Patristic literature Church property, 241, 243, 246, 281-84, 291, 327, 416, 437-38, 452, 454, 484, 562-64, 572; and see Apostolic poverty
Cicero, 24, 588
Cid, Poema del, 410
Cilicia, 550
Cimbri, 42, 53
Ciompi, 524, 584
Circe, 83
"Circles," administrative, 615
Circus Maximus, 2
Circus, games of, 77, 93-94, 126; and see Hippodrome
Civilization, antiquity and history of, 3-5; medieval decline and recovery of, 15; of Roman Empire, 20-24; nomads and, 57; from classical to Christian, 61, 112-15; Byzantine, 148-49, 152-53; declining, 157, 178; monasteries and, 162-63, 168; Mohammedan, 180, 190, 303; of later Saxon England, 223; effect of Norman conquest upon, 275, 474; of Hungary, 308; Turks and, 309; of Italian cities, 348; medieval, 373; Chinese, 393, 550; France the leader in medieval, 401; of thirteenth-century England, 486-87; decline of medieval, 511, 576; effect of Black Death on, 514-15; effect of Hundred Years War on, 530; of Mongol in-
