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Punctuation
213
8.111.
After abbreviations, unless otherwise specified. (See Chapter 9, "Abbreviations and Letter Symbols.")
- Apr.
- RR.
- fig.
- Ph.D.
- NE. (Northeast)
- SSE. (South-Southeast)
- but
- m (meter)
- kc (kilocycle)
- NY (New York)
8.112.
After legends and explanatory matter beneath illustrations. Legends without descriptive language do not receive periods.
- Figure 1.—Schematic drawing.
- Figure 1.—Continued.
but Figure 1 (without legend, no period)
8.113.
After Article 1, Section 1, etc., at the beginning of paragraphs.
A center period is sometimes used—
8.114.
To indicate multiplication. (Use of a multiplication sign is preferable.)
- a·b
- a×b
The period is omitted—
8.115.
After—
- Lines in title pages
- Center, side, and running heads; but is not omitted after run-in sideheads
- Continued lines
- Boxheads of tables
- Scientific, chemical, or other symbols
- This rule does not apply to abbreviation periods.
8.116.
After a quotation mark that is preceded by a period.
She said: "I believe the time is now or never."
8.117.
After letters used as names without specific designation.
- Officer B, Subject A, Brand X, etc.
- A said to B that all is well.
- Mr. A told Mr. B that the case was closed.
- Mr. X (for unknown or censored name).
