Page:Van Loon--The Story of Mankind.djvu/21

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2. 34.

   But All These Different Quarrels Were Forgotten When the Turks Took the Holy Land, Desecrated the Holy Places and Interfered Seriously with the Trade from East to West. Europe Went Crusading ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   168

3. 35.

   Why the People of the Middle Ages Said That "City Air Is Free Air" ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   174

4. 36.

   How the People of the Cities Asserted Their Right to Be Heard in the Royal Councils of Their Country ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   184

5. 37.

   What the People of the Middle Ages Thought of the World in Which They Happened to Live ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   191

6. 38.

   How the Crusades Once More Made the Mediterranean a Busy Centre of Trade and How the Cities of the Italian Peninsula Became the Great Distributing Centre for the Commerce with Asia and Africa ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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7. 39.

   People Once More Dared to Be Happy Just Because They Were Alive. They Tried to Save the Remains of the Older and More Agreeable Civilisation of Rome and Greece and They Were so Proud of Their Achievements That They Spoke of a "Renaissance" or Re-birth of Civilisation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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8. 40.

   The People Began to Feel the Need of Giving Expression to Their Newly Discovered Joy of Living. They Expressed Their Happiness in Poetry and in Sculpture and in Architecture and Painting, and in the Books They Printed ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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9. 41.

   But Now That People Had Broken Through the Bonds of Their Narrow Mediæval Limitations, They Had to Have More Room for Their Wanderings. The European World Had Grown Too Small for Their Ambitions. It was the Time of the Great Voyages of Discovery ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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10. 42.

    Concerning Buddha and Confucius ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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11. 43.

    The Progress of the Human Race is Best Compared to a Gigantic Pendulum Which Forever Swings Forward and Backward. The Religious Indifference and the Artistic and Literary Enthusiasm of the Renaissance Were Followed by the Artistic and Literary Indifference and the Religious Enthusiasm of the Reformation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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12. 44.

    The Age of the Great Religious Controversies ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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