Index:Van Loon--The Story of Mankind.djvu

Title	The Story of Mankind
Author	Hendrik Willem van Loon
Illustrator	Hendrik Willem Van Loon
Year	1921
Publisher	Boni and Liveright
Location	New York
Source	djvu
Progress	Proofread—All pages of the work proper are proofread, but not all are validated
Transclusion	Fully transcluded

Pages (key to Page Status)

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Fpiece Title _ Img _ ix x xi xii xiii xiv xv xvi xvii xviii xix xx xxi xxii xxiii xxiv xxv xxvi xxvii xxviii _ _ 1 _ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Img _ 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Img _ 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 Img _ 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 Img _ 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 Img _ 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 Img _ 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 Img _ 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 Img _ 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 Img _ 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 Img _ 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 Img _ 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 Img _ 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 Img _ 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 Img _ 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 Img _ 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 Img _ 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 _ _ _ _ _

CONTENTS

1. page

2. 1.

   The Setting of the Stage ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   3

3. 2.

   Our Earliest Ancestors ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   9

4. 3.

   Prehistoric Man Begins to Make Things for Himself ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   13

5. 4.

   The Egyptians Invent the Art of Writing and the Record of History Begins ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   17

6. 5.

   The Beginning of Civilisation in the Valley of the Nile ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   22

7. 6.

   The Rise and Fall of Egypt ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   27

8. 7.

   Mesopotamia, the Second Centre of Eastern Civilisation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   29

9. 8.

   The Sumerian Nail Writers, Whose Clay Tablets Tell Us the Story of Assyria and Babylonia, the Great Semitic Melting-Pot ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   32

10. 9.

    The Story of Moses, the Leader of the Jewish People ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    38

11. 10.

    The Phœnicians, Who Gave Us Our Alphabet ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    42

12. 11.

    The Indo-European Persians Conquer the Semitic and the Egyptian World ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    44

13. 12.

    The People of the Ægean Sea Carried the Civilisation of Old Asia Into the Wilderness of Europe ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    48

14. 13.

    Meanwhile the Indo-European Tribe of the Hellenes Was Taking Possession of Greece ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    54

15. 14.

    The Greek Cities That Were Really States ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    59

16. 15.

    The Greeks Were the First People to Try the Difficult Experiment of Self-Government ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    62

17. 16.

    How the Greeks Lived ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    66

18. 17.

    The Origins of the Theatre, the First Form of Public Amusement ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    71

19. 18.

    How the Greeks Defended Europe Against an Asiatic Invasion and Drove the Persians Back Across the Ægean Sea ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    74

20. 19.

    How Athens and Sparta Fought a Long and Disastrous War for the Leadership of Greece ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    81

21. 20.

    Alexander the Macedonian Establishes a Greek World-Empire and What Became of This High Ambition ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    83

22. 21.

    A Short Summary of Chapters 1 to 20 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    85

23. 22.

    The Semitic Colony of Carthage on the Northern Coast of Africa and the Indo-European City of Rome on the West Coast of Italy Fought Each Other for the Possession of the Western Mediterranean and Carthage Was Destroyed ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    88

24. 23.

    How Rome Happened ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    105

25. 24.

    How the Republic of Rome, After Centuries of Unrest and Revolution, Became an Empire ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    109

26. 25.

    The Story of Joshua of Nazareth, Whom the Greeks Called Jesus ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    119

27. 26.

    The Twilight of Rome ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    124

28. 27.

    How Rome Became the Centre of the Christian World ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    131

29. 28.

    Ahmed, the Camel Driver, Who Became the Prophet of the Arabian Desert, and Whose Followers Almost Conquered the Entire Known World for the Greater Glory of Allah, the "Only True God" ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    138

30. 29.

    How Charlemagne, the King of the Franks, Came to Bear the Title of Emperor and Tried to Revive the Old Ideal of World-Empire ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    144

31. 30.

    Why the People of the Tenth Century Prayed the Lord to Protect Them from the Fury of the Norsemen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    150

32. 31.

    How Central Europe, Attacked from Three Sides, Became an Armed Camp and Why Europe Would Have Perished Without Those Professional Soldiers and Administrators Who Were Part of the Feudal System ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    155

33. 32.

    Chivalry ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    159

34. 33.

    The Strange Double Loyalty of the People of the Middle Ages, and How It Led to Endless Quarrels Between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    162

35. 34.

    But All These Different Quarrels Were Forgotten When the Turks Took the Holy Land, Desecrated the Holy Places and Interfered Seriously with the Trade from East to West. Europe Went Crusading ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    168

36. 35.

    Why the People of the Middle Ages Said That "City Air Is Free Air" ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    174

37. 36.

    How the People of the Cities Asserted Their Right to Be Heard in the Royal Councils of Their Country ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    184

38. 37.

    What the People of the Middle Ages Thought of the World in Which They Happened to Live ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    191

39. 38.

    How the Crusades Once More Made the Mediterranean a Busy Centre of Trade and How the Cities of the Italian Peninsula Became the Great Distributing Centre for the Commerce with Asia and Africa ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    198

40. 39.

    People Once More Dared to Be Happy Just Because They Were Alive. They Tried to Save the Remains of the Older and More Agreeable Civilisation of Rome and Greece and They Were so Proud of Their Achievements That They Spoke of a "Renaissance" or Re-birth of Civilisation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    206

41. 40.

    The People Began to Feel the Need of Giving Expression to Their Newly Discovered Joy of Living. They Expressed Their Happiness in Poetry and in Sculpture and in Architecture and Painting, and in the Books They Printed ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    219

42. 41.

    But Now That People Had Broken Through the Bonds of Their Narrow Mediæval Limitations, They Had to Have More Room for Their Wanderings. The European World Had Grown Too Small for Their Ambitions. It was the Time of the Great Voyages of Discovery ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    224

43. 42.

    Concerning Buddha and Confucius ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    241

44. 43.

    The Progress of the Human Race is Best Compared to a Gigantic Pendulum Which Forever Swings Forward and Backward. The Religious Indifference and the Artistic and Literary Enthusiasm of the Renaissance Were Followed by the Artistic and Literary Indifference and the Religious Enthusiasm of the Reformation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    251

45. 44.

    The Age of the Great Religious Controversies ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    262

46. 45.

    How the Struggle Between the "Divine Right of Kings" and the Less Divine but More Reasonable "Right of Parliament" Ended Disastrously for King Charles I ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    279

47. 46.

    In France, on the Other Hand, the "Divine Right of Kings" Continued with Greater Pomp and Splendor Than Ever Before and the Ambition of the Ruler Was Only Tempered by the Newly Invented Law of the "Balance of Power" ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    296

48. 47.

    The Story of the Mysterious Muscovite Empire Which Suddenly Burst upon the Grand Political Stage of Europe ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    301

49. 48.

    Russia and Sweden Fought Many Wars to Decide Who Shall Be the Leading Power of Northeastern Europe ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    308

50. 49.

    The Extraordinary Rise of a Little State in a Dreary Part of Northern Germany, Called Prussia ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    313

51. 50.

    How the Newly Founded National or Dynastic States of Europe Tried to Make Themselves Rich and What Was Meant by the Mercantile System ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    317

52. 51.

    At the End of the Eighteenth Century Europe Heard Strange Reports of Something Which Had Happened in the Wilderness of the North American Continent. The Descendants of the Men Who Had Punished King Charles for His Insistence upon His "Divine Rights" Added a New Chapter to the Old Story of the Struggle for Self-Government ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    323

53. 52.

    The Great French Revolution Proclaims the Principles of Liberty, Fraternity and Equality Unto All the People of the Earth ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    334

54. 53.

    Napoleon ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    349

55. 54.

    As Soon as Napoleon Had Been Sent to St. Helena, the Rulers Who So Often Had Been Defeated by the Hated "Corsican" Met at Vienna and Tried to Undo the Many Changes Which Had Been Brought About by the French Revolution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    361

56. 55.

    They Tried to Assure the World an Era of Undisturbed Peace by Suppressing All New Ideas. They Made the Police-Spy the Highest Functionary in the State and Soon the Prisons of All Countries Were Filled With Those Who Claimed That People Have the Right to Govern Themselves as They See Fit ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    373

57. 56.

    The Love of National Independence, However, Was Too Strong to Be Destroyed in This Way. The South Americans Were the First to Rebel Against the Reactionary Measures of the Congress of Vienna. Greece and Belgium and Spain and a Large Number of Other Countries of the European Continent Followed Suit and the Nineteenth Century Was Filled with the Rumor of Many Wars of Independence ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    381

58. 57.

    But While the People of Europe Were Fighting for Their National Independence, the World in Which They Lived Had Been Entirely Changed by a Series of Inventions, Which Had Made the Clumsy Old Steam-Engine of the Eighteenth Century the Most Faithful and Efficient Slave of Man ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    402

59. 58.

    The New Engines Were Very Expensive and Only People of Wealth Could Afford Them. The Old Carpenter or Shoemaker Who Had Been His Own Master in His Little Workshop Was Obliged to Hire Himself Out to the Owners of the Big Mechanical Tools, and While He Made More Money than Before, He Lost His Former Independence and He Did Not Like That ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    413

60. 59.

    The General Introduction of Machinery Did Not Bring About the Era of Happiness and Prosperity Which Had Been Predicted by the Generation Which Saw the Stage Coach Replaced by the Railroad. Several Remedies Were Suggested, but None of These Quite Solved the Problem ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    420

61. 60.

    But the World Had Undergone Another Change Which Was of Greater Importance Than Either the Political or the Industrial Revolutions. After Generations of Oppression and Persecution, the Scientist Had at Last Gained Liberty of Action and He Was Now Trying to Discover the Fundamental Laws Which Govern the Universe ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    427

62. 61.

    A Chapter of Art ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    433

63. 62.

    The Last Fifty Years, Including Several Explanations and A Few Apologies ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    446

64. 63.

    The Great War, Which Was Really the Struggle for a New and Better World ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    456

65. 64.

    Animated Chronology ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    467

66. 65.

    Concerning the Pictures ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    473

67. 66.

    An Historical Reading List for Children ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    475

68. 67.

    Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    484

69. 68.

    After Seven Years Not in original TOC ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................