direction at the time, except here and there to establish a frontier garrison.[1]
The want of some of the necessaries of life had been felt for some time, and there were abuses to be corrected.[2] The epidemic had wrought sad havoc among the natives. With praiseworthy zeal the viceroy sought to improve the condition of the people. He gave attention to the production and quality of wool, and aided in the importation of a better breed of sheep; he promoted manufactures, believing that the lasting prosperity of a country was to be found in its agriculture, and in the developments of arts and commerce.[3] The learning of trades by the natives was encouraged, and when able to work as journeymen, or to keep shop, they were granted certificates to that effect.
To improve the moral condition of the natives, it was thought expedient to strictly enforce a decree prohibiting the adulteration of pulque,[4] and to restrict the number of places where it was sold. It had been the custom for some time to add to the pure juice of the maguey obnoxious ingredients, ostensibly for the purpose of better preservation. This gave the liquor stronger intoxicating properties, and the natives became more addicted to its use. When under its influence they would commit heinous offences. As there were many marriageable girls belonging to hon-
- ↑ Fray Domingo de Betanzos urged that to promote peace and contentment among the natives the Spaniards should live in the cities and keep no garrisons inthe country. He suggestively added that the settlers would thus have less opportunity to rob and destroy at their pleasure. Parecer, in Pacheco and Cárdenas, Col. Doc., vii. 538.
- ↑ For years past forests had been wantonly cut down, and wood for fuel became scarce. The strict execution of the viceregal ordinauces for the preservation of trees, and of the roads over which the natives had to travel with wood and charcoal, were recommended. There was a great want of food for horses and cattle; to supply this demand Mendoza caused a large portion of the dry lake-bottom to be successfully sown in grass. Mendoza, Relacion, in Pacheco and Cárdenas, Col. Doc., vi. 487, 493-4; Florida, Col. Doc., 137.
- ↑ The manufacture of woollen goods was introduced as early as 1543. Beaumont, Crón. Mich., iv. 488.
- ↑ Royal cédula of Jan. 24, 1545, of similar import as that of August 24, 1529. Recop. de Ind., ii. 197-8. It was also prohibited to sell to the natives, negroes, Indian slaves, and Spanish miners. Cédula of same date in Puga, Cedulario, 169.
