Portal:Geology
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Geology is the science and study of the solid Earth and the processes by which it is shaped and changed. Geology provides primary evidence for plate tectonics, the history of life and evolution, and past climates. In modern times, geology is commercially important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration, evaluating water resources, is publicly important for predicting and understanding natural hazards, understanding and remediating environmental problems, and understanding past climate change, plays an essential role in geotechnical engineering, and is a major academic discipline.
General
[edit]- Portal:Chicago Field Museum of Natural History
- Portal:Geological Society of London
- Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man
- Geology and Mineralogy considered with reference to Natural Theology
- Glossary of Geological and other Scientific terms used in Principles of Geology
- Journal Of William Ellis
- Student's Elements of Geology
- A Treatise on Geology
- Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Volume 12 (transcription project)
Eras
[edit]Regional
[edit]- The Past and Future of Niagara as it appeared in the September 1872 Popular Science Monthly
- Ups and Downs of the Long Island Coast as it appeared in the February 1877 Popular Science Monthly
- The Geological History of New York Island and Harbor as it appeared in the October 1878 Popular Science Monthly
- The Origin of Upland Lakes as it appeared in the April 1879 Popular Science Monthly
- The Parallel Roads of Glen Roy as it appeared in the January 1877 Popular Science Monthly
- Artesian Wells and the Great Sahara as it appeared in the February 1880 Popular Science Monthly
- Vibration of Rocks in Patapsco Valley, Maryland as it appeared in the February 1882 Popular Science Monthly
- The Colorado Desert as it appeared in the January 1882 Popular Science Monthly
- Subterranean Streams in South Carolina as it appeared in the June 1876 Popular Science Monthly
- The Geological Distribution of North American Forests as it appeared in the August 1883 Popular Science Monthly
- Recent Geological Changes in Western Michigan as it appeared in the April 1884 Popular Science Monthly
- The Loess-Deposits of Northern China as it appeared in the December 1883 Popular Science Monthly
- The Salt-Deposits of Western New York as it appeared in the August 1884 Popular Science Monthly
- Nature and Origin of the Drift-Deposits of the Northwest I as it appeared in the June 1873 Popular Science Monthly
- Nature and Origin of the Drift-Deposits of the Northwest II as it appeared in the July 1873 Popular Science Monthly
- Some Observations on Niagara as it appeared in the June 1873 Popular Science Monthly
- State Geological Surveys as it appeared in the June 1873 Popular Science Monthly
- Physical Features of the Colorado Valley II as it appeared in the September 1875 Popular Science Monthly
- North America in the Ice Period as it appeared in the December 1881 Popular Science Monthly
- The New York Geological Survey as it appeared in the April 1883 Popular Science Monthly
- A sketch of the physical structure of Australia, so far as it is at present known (1850) by Joseph Beete Jukes
Articles
[edit]- Popular Geology as it appeared in the September 1872 Popular Science Monthly
- Geology and History as it appeared in the August 1880 Popular Science Monthly
- Some Unsolved Problems in Geology I as it appeared in the October 1883 Popular Science Monthly
- Some Unsolved Problems in Geology II as it appeared in the November 1883 Popular Science Monthly
- Accoutrement of a Field-Geologist as it appeared in the April 1877 Popular Science Monthly
- Studies in Experimental Geology as it appeared in the June 1880 Popular Science Monthly
- "Darwin and Geology" in Popular Science Monthly, 74 (April 1909)
- "Geology," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Geology," in The New Student's Reference Work, Chicago: F.E. Compton and Co. (1914)
Rocks and Minerals
[edit]Rocks are mixtures or aggregates; minerals are pure chemical compounds
- Portal:Mineralogy, the study of minerals
- Portal:Petrology, the study of rocks
Paleontology
[edit]- Portal:Paleontology, the study of prehistoric life
Dynamic geology
[edit]Hydrology and Oceanography
[edit]- Geysers and How They are Explained as it appeared in the February 1878 Popular Science Monthly
- A Visit to the New Zealand Geysers as it appeared in the July 1879 Popular Science Monthly
- Why Do Springs and Wells Overflow? I as it appeared in the November 1879 Popular Science Monthly
- The Mineral Springs of Saratoga as it appeared in the May 1881 Popular Science Monthly
- River and Lake Terraces as it appeared in the April 1873 Popular Science Monthly
- The Mechanics of Intermittent Springs as it appeared in the July 1882 Popular Science Monthly
- On the Formation of Lakes as it appeared in the September 1876 Popular Science Monthly
- The World's Geyser-Regions as it appeared in the August 1884 Popular Science Monthly
- The Hydraulics of Great Rivers as it appeared in the July 1874 Popular Science Monthly
- Water-Supply of Islands as it appeared in the February 1875 Popular Science Monthly
Vulcanology
[edit]- "An Account of the Carlsbad Mineral Waters in Bohemia" in Philosophical Transactions, 50 (1757)
- Vesuvius as it appeared in the June 1872 Popular Science Monthly
- Fouque's Santorin and its Eruptions as it appeared in the August 1880 Popular Science Monthly
- The Origin and Structure of Volcanic Cones I as it appeared in the April 1881 Popular Science Monthly
- The Origin and Structure of Volcanic Cones II as it appeared in the May 1881 Popular Science Monthly
- A New Theory of Volcanoes as it appeared in the December 1872 Popular Science Monthly
- Volcanic Products as it appeared in the January 1882 Popular Science Monthly
- Volcanoes, their Action and Distribution as it appeared in the November 1881 Popular Science Monthly
- The Volcanic Eruption of Krakatau as it appeared in the July 1884 Popular Science Monthly
- "The Java Disaster" in Littell's Living Age, 160 (2064) by Capt. W. J. Watson
Seismology
[edit]- "An Account of a remarkable Tide at Bristol" by in Philosophical Transactions, 54 (1764), pp. 83–84
- Measurement of Earthquake-Waves as it appeared in the September 1872 Popular Science Monthly
- The Causes of Earthquakes as it appeared in the February 1884 Popular Science Monthly
- Ischia and its Earthquakes as it appeared in the November 1883 Popular Science Monthly
- Earthquakes and their Causes as it appeared in the October 1875 Popular Science Monthly
- Earthquake-Phenomena as it appeared in the March 1873 Popular Science Monthly
- San Francisco Earthquake & Fire: April 18, 1906, a 1906 anonymous black-and-white documentary silent short film
Structural geology
[edit]Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories. The primary goal of structural geology is to use measurements of present-day rock geometries to uncover information about the history of deformation (strain) in the rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries. This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to important events in the regional geologic past; a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular area with respect to regionally widespread patterns of rock deformation (e.g., mountain building, rifting) due to plate tectonics.
- The Formation of Mountains as it appeared in the February 1879 Popular Science Monthly
- The Interior of the Earth I as it appeared in the July 1880 Popular Science Monthly
- The Interior of the Earth II as it appeared in the August 1880 Popular Science Monthly
- The Primeval American Continent as it appeared in the June 1881 Popular Science Monthly
- Old Continents as it appeared in the September 1873 Popular Science Monthly
Stratigraphy
[edit]Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, studies rock layers and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. Stratigraphy includes two related subfields: lithologic or lithostratigraphy and biologic stratigraphy or biostratigraphy.
- Proclamation 6920, 18 September 1996 by Bill Clinton regarding the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: "The monument is a geologic treasure of clearly exposed stratigraphy and structures"
- "Avonian," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Bajocian," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Bala Series," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Bunter," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Butte (rock feature)," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Cainozoic," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Corallian," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Keuper," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Lithosphere," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Quaternary," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
Geologists
[edit]- Louis Agassiz
- Robert Bakewell
- Walter A. Bell
- Henry Grey Bennet
- Jean-François Berger
- Edward Bogg
- John Casper Branner
- Richard Bright
- George Bryce
- William Buckland
- Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin
- rank Wigglesworth Clarke
- Grenville Arthur James Cole
- Arthur Philemon Coleman
- John Josias Conybeare
- William Daniel Conybeare
- George Cumberland
- Charles Robert Darwin
- William Morris Davis
- William Boyd Dawkins
- Henry Thomas De la Beche
- ens Esmark
- Hugh Falconer
- William Henry Fitton
- Lazarus Fletcher
- John Smith Flett
- Edward Forbes
- Archibald Geikie
- Walcot Gibson
- Davies Gilbert
- Grove Karl Gilbert
- illiam Hall Gilby
- William Gregor
- John Hailstone
- Richard Hennah
- Wheelton Hind
- Leonard Horner
- John Allen Howe
- James Furman Kemp
- John Kidd
- Cargill Gilston Knott
- Charles Konig
- Philip Lake
- Lawrence Lambe
- Charles Lapworth
- Joseph Le Conte
- John Lhotsky
- Richard Lydekker
- Charles Lyell
- John MacCulloch
- Frederick James Hamilton Merrill
- Ludwig Meyn
- John Milne
- John Muir
- Henry Smith Munroe
- Roderick Impey Murchison
- Nicholas Nugent
- Kenneth Oakley
- Henry Fairfield Osborn
- James Parkinson
- John Phillips
- William Phillips
- John Wesley Powell
- Frederick William Rudler
- Gunnar Säve-Söderbergh
- George Julius Poulett Scrope
- Albert Charles Seward
- Webb John Seymour
- Nathaniel Shaler
- Henry Clifton Sorby
- Leonard James Spencer
- Henry Steinhauer
- Paweł Edmund Strzelecki
- Thomas Stewart Traill
- Alfred Tylor
- Henry Warburton
- Lester Frank Ward
- George Robert Waterhouse
- Thomas Webster
- Charles Abiathar White
- Alice Wilson
- Nathaniel John Winch
- Alexander Winchell
- William Withering
- Horace Bolingbroke Woodward
External links
[edit]- Class QE on Project Gutenberg
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